Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of infants admitted for bronchiolitis (N = 1715), treated or not with antibiotics.
| Clinical Characteristics | Antibiotic Treatment N = 229 |
No Antibiotic Treatment N = 1486 |
p-Value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 120 (52%) | 864 (58%) | 0.102 | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) |
| Age (months) * | 7.3 ± 5.9 | 5.2 ± 6.7 | <0.001 | |
| Age > 6 months | 113 (49%) | 437 (29%) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.8 to 3.1) |
| Prematurity | 29 (13%) | 183 (12%) | 0.881 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) |
| Fever > 38 °C | 191 (84%) | 675 (45%) | <0.001 | 6.2 (4.3 to 8.9) |
| Duration of fever (days) * | 3.3 ± 3.1 | 2.4 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | |
| Hypoxia | 183 (80%) | 973 (66%) | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.5 to 3.0) |
| Duration of hypoxia (days) * | 3.8 ± 2.8 | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 0.001 | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) * | 6.3 ±3.4 | 4.4 ± 2.8 | <0.001 | |
| Infiltrate/atelectasis | 150 (72%) | 265 (29%) | <0.001 | 6.2 (4.4 to 8.7) |
| PICU admission | 22 (10%) | 46 (3%) | <0.001 | 3.1 (1.8 to 5.3) |
| Respiratory virus detection | 197 (86%) | 1293 (87%) | 0.599 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) |
| Viral coinfection | 81 (36%) | 372 (25%) | 0.001 | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus infection | 134 (59%) | 843 (58%) | 0.636 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Rhinovirus infection | 67 (30%) | 413 (28%) | 0.660 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) |
| Adenovirus infection | 32 (14%) | 96 (7%) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.6) |
| Human metapneumovirus infection | 8 (4%) | 82 (6%) | 0.198 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3) |
| Human bocavirus infection | 27 (12%) | 71 (5%) | <0.001 | 2.7 (1.7 to 4.2) |
| Influenza infection | 5 (2%) | 45 (3%) | 0.476 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.8) |
| Parainfluenza virus infection | 8 (4%) | 93 (6%) | 0.096 | 0.5 (0.3 to 1.1) |
| Leucocytes (cells/mm3) * | 15,046 ± 9349 | 12,940 ± 9694 | 0.008 | |
| Serum C reactive protein (mg/L) * | 45.2 ± 52.6 | 20.1 ± 30.4 | <0.001 |
* mean ± standard deviation. PICU: pediatric intensive care unit.