Table 4.

Equations, parameters and error function values for the tested adsorption isotherm models.

Model 1,2	Equation	Parameters 3	RMSD	HYBRID	R2adjsuted
Langmuir 1	$q=\frac{q_{max}{K}_L{C}_{eq}}{1+K_L{C}_{eq}}$	qmax = 35.088 KL = 11.760	2.777	56.052	0.956
Freundlich 1	$q=K_F{C_{eq}}^{\frac{1}{n}}$	KF = 7.900 n = 4.762	1.719	18.135	0.886
Dubinin–Radushkevich 1	$q=q_s\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}(-k_{ad}{\epsilon }^2)$	qs = 3.10−4 kad = 27.719	3.079	53.815	0.674
Temkin 1	$q=\frac{RT}{b_T}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\left(A_T{C}_{eq}\right)$	bT = 472.270 AT = 0.530	1.861	21.275	0.852
Hill 2	$q=\frac{q_{sH}{C_e}^{n_H}}{k_D+{C_e}^{n_H}}$	qsH = 7191.3 kD = 744.214 nH = 0.168	2.268	41.914	0.865
Redlich–Peterson 2	$q=\frac{K_R{C}_e}{1+a_R{C}_e^g}$	KR = 3673.7 aR = 464.983 g = 0.790	1.720	27.914	0.988
Toth 2	$q=\frac{K_T{C}_{eq}}{{\left(a_T+C_{eq}\right)}^{\frac{1}{t}}}$	KT = 7.492 aT = 0 t = 1.266	1.707	27.388	0.848
Radke–Prausnitz 2	$q=\frac{a_{RP}{K}_{RP}{C}_{eq}^{{\beta }_R}}{a_{RP}+K_{RP}{C}_{eq}^{{\beta }_R-1}}$	aRP = 3112.800 KRP = 7.493 ᵝR = 0.220	1.708	27.504	0.857

¹ Two-parameter adsorption isotherm models. ² Three-parameter adsorption isotherm models. ³ Units of parameters for the isotherms, whit the calculus performed with C_eq values expressed in g/L: Langmuir—q_max (mg/g) maximum monolayer coverage, K_L (L/g) adsorption equilibrium constant; Freundlich—K_F (mg/g) approximate indicator of adsorption capacity, n (dimensionless), with 1/n indicating adsorption strength, a model coefficient; Dubinin–Radushkevich—q_S (mg/g) theoretical saturation capacity, k_ad (mole²/KJ²) a measure of adsorption equilibrium constant, ε (dimensionless) Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm constant, a model coefficient; Temkin—A_T (mg/g) binding constant, b_T (dimensionless) Temkin isotherm constant; Hill—q_sH (mg/g) Hill saturation capacity, k_D (L/g) Hill–Deboer isotherm constant, n_H (dimensionless) model coefficient; Redlich–Peterson—K_R (L/g) Redlich–Peterson isotherm constant, a_R (g/mg) a measure of maximum adsorption capacity, g (dimensionless) model exponent with values between 0 and 1; Toth—K_T (L/g) Toth isotherm constant, a_T (mg/g) maximum adsorption capacity, t (dimensionless) heterogeneity factor; Radke–Prausnitz—a_RP (mg/g) maximum adsorption capacity, K_RP (L/g) Radke–Prausnitz isotherm constant, β_R (dimensionless) model exponent.