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. 2023 Dec 21;13(12):e074301. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074301

Table 1.

Physicians’ self-reported reference status of diabetes guidelines (n (%))

Categories Overall
(n=1150)
Physicians in different level hospitals
Tertiary care hospital physicians
(n=461)
Secondary care hospital physicians
(n=307)
Primary care practitioners
(n=382)
P value
Modern medicine guidelines*
 Frequent reference 842 (73.2) 373 (80.9) 237 (77.2) 232 (60.7) <0.001
 Occasional reference 236 (20.5) 75 (16.3) 59 (19.2) 102 (26.7)
 Infrequent reference 53 (4.6) 9 (2.0) 8 (2.6) 36 (9.4)
 Rare reference 17 (1.5) 4 (0.9) 3 (1.0 10 (2.6)
 No reference 2 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5)
TCM guidelines†
 Frequent reference 389 (33.8) 167 (36.2) 112 (36.5) 110 (28.8) 0.071
 Occasional reference 459 (39.9) 182 (39.5) 127 (41.4) 150 (39.3)
 Infrequent reference 186 (16.2) 66 (14.3) 41 (13.4) 79 (20.7)
 Rare no reference 89 (7.7) 34 (7.4) 25 (8.1) 30 (7.9)
 No reference 27 (2.4) 12 (2.6) 2 (0.7) 13 (3.4)

*Modern medicine guidelines including Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes issued by the American Diabetes Association, Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China and National Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes in Primary Care issued by Chinese Diabetes Society.

†TCM guidelines including Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes in Chinese Medicine issued by China Association of Chinese Medicine.

TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.