Table 2. Information of the articles examined in the systematic review.

Data base	First author	Year	Aim	Sample characteristics	Material	Analysis methodology	More relevant results
PubMed	Alia	2013	To examine the interaction between parental limit setting on sedentary behaviors and health factors (weight status, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake) in African American adolescents recruited from two rural counties in the Southeastern part of the United States	N = 67 parent–adolescent dyads; 59% men and 61% women	Weight and height measures were assessed using standardized protocols with a Seca 880 digital scale and Shorr height board.	Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 and the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software version 9.0.	No significant association was found between limit setting and fruit/vegetable consumption and PA.
				(Mage = 12.67; SD = 5.39) from United States	Parent and adolescent BMI values were computed as: weight (kg)/height (m)2	Pearson product-moment correlations were used to assess multicollinearity.	Among obese parents, setting higher (vs. lower) limits is associated with lower adolescent BMI.
					Parental strategies for feeding and activity were evaluated through: The limiting-Activity subscale of the Parenting strategies for Eating and Activity Scale (PEAS).	Two hierarchical regressions were performed to assess the interaction of parental factors and limit setting of sedentary behaviors in adolescents.	Parental limits implemented by both parents can prevent obesity
					Parent fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using a fruit and vegetable screening tool.	A separate regression was run for parental physical activity.
					Parent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ).
Web of science	Huffman	2018	To examine associations between motivation, parenting factors associated with Self-Determination Theory’s psychological needs and adolescent moderate to vigorous physical activity	N = 148 African- American adolescents (44% men and 66% women)	Parenting styles were measured with the Authoritative Parenting Index (API)	Separate hierarchical regression analyzes were used to examine the associations between the authority of the parenting style, emotional support for (PA, tangible support for PA, autonomy support for PA, PA parent modeling and adolescent motivation with moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and light PA (LPA).	PS were not associated with moderate-vigorous PA.
				(Mage = 13.6 years, SD =1.74) and their parents (Mage 43.4 years, SD= 8.21)	Autonomy supportive parenting for physical activity (PA) was measured using a adolescent-report scale which measured shared decision making around PA and Parent emotional support for PA		Autonomy support was related to low moderate-vigorous PA.
					Emotional support for PA was measured using a modified version of an instrument that assesses family support for exercise behaviors; The Support for Exercises Scales (SES)-		The motivation for PA is strongly associated with MVPA.
					Adolescents’ motivation for PA was measured using The Motivational Scale
					Objective measurement of PA duration and intensity was obtained using Actical omni-directional accelerometer estimates
Web of science	Langer	2014	To examine relationships between parenting styles and practices and child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen time	N = 42 children (50.6% men and 49.4% women) (Mage 6.9 years; SD= 1.8) of Minneapolis–Saint Pau (Midwestern United States)	The PS were examined through the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ)	Analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 and SAS 9.2.	Support for PA from democratic and permissive parents positively predicted moderate-vigorous PA.
					Infant PA was assessed using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer).	Linear and logistic regression models were carried out to understand the connection between the variables.	Permissive and authoritarian parents positively predicted high screen consumption.
					Four items assessed the amount of time children spent on an average weekday and an average weekend day (a) watching TV and (b) playing video or computer games or using a computer for purposes other than schoolwork		Interventions aimed at increasing PA and reducing screen time in children may benefit from including the figure of parents.
ResearchGate	Laukkanen (2020)		To examine children’s perspectives on parents practices and how they relate to their motivational regulation of PA	N = 79 children	Interview	A qualitative content analysis was used, in which the research data was intended to expand the existing theoretical knowledge.	Parents are defined by a higher dimension (high responsiveness and low demand). Within it, the following must be evaluated: support for autonomy, involvement, and structure. Autonomy support is related to autonomous motivations, involvement to autonomous and controlled motivations, and structure to autonomous motivations. Other parents are defined by the higher dimension: high responsiveness and high demand. In them, the structure must be considered, which is related to autonomous motivations. Other parents are defined by the higher dimension: low response and high demand. Coercive control is related to controlled motivation in this type of parents. Finally, there are parents whose higher dimension is low response and low demand. In this group, the lack of structure related to amotivation, should be valued.
				(48.1% girls and 51.9% boys) from Finland (Europe)		The data were then coded using qualitative analysis software (ATLAS.ti version 7.5). Finally, statistical SPSS was used to perform descriptive analyses.
Scopus	Lev	2020	To shed light on parents’ level of involvement with their child’s sporting activity in Israel.	173 parents (51.4% men and 48.6% women) (Mage = 45.9; SD = 6.4 years).	Questionnaire for parents and questionnaire for children composed of 22 questions that investigated the logistical and emotional participation of parents and the satisfaction of their children.	Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (v.24).	Actions such as taking children to training practices, parents’ participation in their children’s basketball activity, and parents’ interaction with their children during the game were positively correlated with child satisfaction. the children
				173 children, (78% men and 22% women)		Student test was used to compare between the results of mothers and fathers.	Parents’ emotional involvement was the most important variable for child satisfaction.
				(Mage = 13.7; SD = 1.7 years) form Israel		Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between parents’ and child’s answers.
						Multiple regression was used to identify which kind of involvement is the best for describing the variation in child’s satisfaction
PubMed	Saunders	2012	Described cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parenting style and girls’ participation in organized sports, walking or cycling, and engaging in vigorous physical activity (MVPA).	N = 222 Adolescent girls (9–12 years) and their parents form Melbourne (Australia)	The PS were evaluated from 22 items adapted from the Parent Attitude Inquiry	Bivariable linear regression models were generated to assess associations between independent (parenting style) and dependent (organized sport, MVPA and walking/cycling trips respectively) variables.	There are positive associations between authoritarian PS and the frequency of organized sport.
					Participation in organized sport was self-reported using an adaptation of the Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire		There are negative associations between authoritarian and permissive PE and the number of trips on foot and by bicycle.
					Girls were asked to report how often they walked or biked to 15 common destinations.		There are no significant associations between PE and moderate-vigorous PA.
					MVPA was assessed using accelerometers
Google scholar	Sterret	2013	To examine the relationships between 2 parenting styles and family nutrition and physical activity.	175 parents of 26–66 years, (43 men, 9% and 132 women, 91%) (Mage = 37.6; SD = 6.6) from southeastern United States	The Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) scale served as a measure to evaluate nutrition and BP at the family level.	Linear regression was performed to predict family nutrition and PA as a function of PS.	Democratic parents were associated with better PA and family nutrition (although not significantly).
							Permissive parents were associated with worse PA and family nutrition (significantly).
PubMed	Verhees	2020	To involve parents in a school-based intervention by challenging primary school children to perform physical activity and nutrition-related activities with their parents.	226 children 100 men, 44.2% and 55.8% women) (Mage 10.9; SD = 1.0) from Western ethnicity (Europe)	Visual self-report instrument developed for primary school children in which they indicate food preferences and PA (pair comparison).	Linear regression between the variables examined.	Parents participated more in nutrition challenges when their children were young because, to learn to make healthy recipes, more parental help is needed. Therefore, children’s dietary behavior may relate more to parents than PA behavior.
					The parents completed the Family Health Climate scale (FHC) That measures family perceptions and cognitions about nutrition (FHC-NU) and the PA (FHC-PA) of the children.		It is recommended that families be considered in interventions that require a change in dietary and PA behavior.
PubMed	Yaffe	2018	To examine the association between parenting styles and adolescent physical activity among Israeli Arab families of adolescent boys	N = 177 Israeli Arab male adolescents with normal weight (Mage = 13.93, SD = 1.42)	To measure the PS, it was used The Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ)	The Regression Analyses Results of Predicting Israeli-Arab Adolescents’ PA from the PS	Adolescents who perceived their parents as democratic were more essentially active than those who perceived them as authoritarian.
					The participants’ physical activity level was evaluated through a three-item questionnaire in which the frequency and intensity of PA in a particular week was investigated.		Permissive PS are not statistically significantly related to PA.
PubMed	Yazeedi	2021	The objective of this study is to expand the understanding of the family influence on children’s nutrition and physical activity patterns in Oman	N = 204 dyads (Asian mother with a child). Mothers (Mage 28.71, SD= 5.52).	Family nutrition and physical activity patterns were assessed with the Arabic version of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA BAR)	Bivariate and multivariate analysis, including correlation, independent t-test and chi-square, Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the relationships between the study variables.	Moderate-vigorous PA was not related to parent ratings on the FNPA.
				Children (93 men 47.4% and women 103 52.6%). Mage = 7.74, SD = 5.52) from Oman (Asia)