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. 2023 Dec 7;14:1293424. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293424

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Copyright © 2023 Lv, Zhao, Kong, Li and Lin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Initiation of leaf primordium. SAM is divided into three functional regions [central region (CZ), peripheral region (PZ) and costal region (OC)] and Layer1 (L1), Layer2 (L2) and Layer3(L3). WUS activates CLV3, and CLV3 further binds to CLV1/2, thereby inhibiting WUS expression. Auxin accumulation in the flanks of SAM through PIN1/AUX1 mediated polar transport triggers primordium development. In addition, KNOX1 maintains the role of stem cells, positively regulates CK, negatively regulates GA signaling through IPT7 and GA20ox, and ARF regulates the emergence of young primordiae (→ represents positive regulation, and T-shaped arrows represent negative regulation. The same below.) (Barkoulas et al., 2007; Bar and Ori, 2014; Kalve et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2021a).