Table 4.
Changes in energy, nutrient and food intakes at baseline and post-intervention.
| Baseline | Post-intervention | Mean change | p | P for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total energy intake, kcal | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 2176 ± 71 | 2133 ± 63 | −43 ± 49 | 0.39 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 2247 ± 55 | 2162 ± 40 | −85 ± 28 | 0.01 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 2205 ± 47 | 2145 ± 40 | −60 ± 30 | 0.06 | 0.52 |
| Protein, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 86.3 ± 1.8 | 85.2 ± 1.9 | −1.2 ± 1.2 | 0.33 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 88.9 ± 1.8 | 86.6 ± 0.9 | −2.3 ± 1.1 | 0.07 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 87.4 ± 1.2 | 85.8 ± 1.1 | −1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.50 |
| Total fat, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 64.0 ± 1.1 | 63.1 ± 1.1 | −1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.3 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 65.9 ± 0.8 | 63.8 ± 0.9 | −2.1 ± 0.7 | 0.01 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 64.8 ± 0.7 | 63.4 ± 0.7 | −1.4 ± 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.38 |
| Carbohydrate, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 286.6 ± 14.8 | 283.2 ± 12.8 | −3.3 ± 10.0 | 0.75 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 288.3 ± 11.3 | 282.0 ± 6.1 | −6.3 ± 6.4 | 0.34 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 287.3 ± 9.6 | 282.7 ± 7.8 | −4.5 ± 6.3 | 0.48 | 0.82 |
| Total dietary fiber, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 17.9 ± 0.5 | 17.7 ± 0.5 | −0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.66 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 19.2 ± 1.2 | 18.8 ± 0.9 | −0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.51 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 18.4 ± 0.6 | 18.2 ± 0.5 | −0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.41 | 0.73 |
| Sodium, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 10.3 ± 0.4 | −0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.15 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 11.7 ± 0.7 | 10.8 ± 0.4 | −0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.02 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 11.1 ± 0.4 | 10.5 ± 0.3 | −0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.008 | 0.24 |
| Vegetables, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 338.6 ± 9.1 | 349.5 ± 15.5 | 10.9 ± 16.1 | 0.51 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 390.7 ± 35.2 | 412.0 ± 24.6 | 21.3 ± 30.9 | 0.5 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 360.1 ± 16.1 | 375.2 ± 15.2 | 15.2 ± 15.3 | 0.33 | 0.75 |
| Fruits, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 131.9 ± 4.8 | 129.3 ± 4.7 | −2.6 ± 1.4 | 0.09 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 140.7 ± 14.6 | 150.6 ± 20.5 | 9.9 ± 6.8 | 0.17 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 135.5 ± 6.4 | 138.1 ± 8.9 | 2.5 ± 3.2 | 0.43 | 0.04 |
| Fish and shellfish, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 101.1 ± 2.2 | 101.9 ± 3.2 | 0.8 ± 2.3 | 0.73 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 106.1 ± 5.1 | 105.3 ± 3.7 | −0.9 ± 6.2 | 0.89 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 103.2 ± 2.5 | 103.3 ± 2.4 | 0.1 ± 2.8 | 0.97 | 0.78 |
| Meats, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 73.8 ± 2.6 | 72.1 ± 4.8 | −1.7 ± 5.0 | 0.74 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 79.3 ± 5.0 | 69.1 ± 4.9 | −10.1 ± 3.8 | 0.02 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 76.1 ± 2.5 | 70.9 ± 3.4 | −5.2 ± 3.4 | 0.14 | 0.22 |
| Eggs, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 35.5 ± 0.4 | 34.9 ± 0.7 | −0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.38 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 37.3 ± 1.7 | 36.7 ± 0.6 | −0.6 ± 1.3 | 0.66 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 36.2 ± 0.7 | 35.6 ± 0.5 | −0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.36 | 0.98 |
| Dairy, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 194.1 ± 42.7 | 162.4 ± 22.2 | −31.7 ± 43.7 | 0.48 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 195.7 ± 38.8 | 187.4 ± 17.1 | −8.3 ± 34.2 | 0.81 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 194.8 ± 28.9 | 172.7 ± 14.8 | −22.1 ± 28.7 | 0.45 | 0.70 |
| Alcoholic beverages, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 8.9 ± 4.4 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | −4.7 ± 3.6 | 0.21 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 11.2 ± 4.9 | 9.6 ± 4.2 | −1.6 ± 0.9 | 0.11 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 9.9 ± 3.2 | 6.5 ± 2.0 | −3.4 ± 2.2 | 0.12 | 0.64 |
| Confectionaries, g | |||||
| Weekly (n = 10) | 24.5 ± 5.2 | 19.2 ± 4.7 | −5.3 ± 3.6 | 0.16 | |
| Bi-weekly (n = 7) | 30.6 ± 7.3 | 21.7 ± 10.2 | −8.9 ± 7.1 | 0.24 | |
| Total (n = 17) | 27.0 ± 4.2 | 20.2 ± 4.8 | −6.8 ± 3.5 | 0.06 | 0.63 |
Values are means ± standard errors (SEs). The baseline and post-intervention differences were tested using linear mixed effect models. p <0.05 indicates statistically significant.