Table 1.

Study characteristics.

Study aim	Methodology	Number
RIRS in anomalous kidneys	Retrospective	Total 3, including 1 review
PCNL in anomalous kidneys	Retrospective	Total 2
ESWL in anomalous kidneys	Retrospective	Total 2
Comparative studies in stone management in anomalous kidneys	Retrospective	Total 2
Stone management in HSK	Retrospective	Total 3, including 1 review
Stone management in CFRE	Retrospective	Total 1, review

CFRE, crossed fused renal ectopia; ESWL, extracorporeal Shockwave lithotripsy; HSK, horseshoe kidneys; PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy; PK, pelvic kidneys; RIRS, retrograde intra-renal surgery.