Table 7.

Stone management in CFRE.

Study	Characteristics	Procedure/results	Conclusion
Cao (2019) 16	Aim  Analysis of 35 cases of CFRE with stones Study  Retrospective	Patients  35 patients (the female-to-male ratio was 10:21) Site of fusion  The ratio of the side of the ectopic kidney was 13:20 (left:right) Treatment options  Open surgery in 4 patients, conservative therapy in 5, ESWL in 7, PCNL in 10, RIRS in 4 and laparoscopic pyelolithotomy in 1  However, the treatment method in five cases was not mentioned, and in three patients, ESWL failed, and a second surgery was required	The choice of treatment in CFRE with stones relies on the vascular anatomy, the size of the stones, the extent of hydronephrosis, and the experience of the urologist

CFRE, crossed fused renal ectopia; ESWL, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy; RIRS, retrograde intra-renal surgery; URS, ureterorenoscopy.