Figure 1.

The Gut-Lung Axis: A bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system involving interactions among immune cells, neurons, microbiota, and signaling molecules. This figure illustrates the composition of both lung and gut microbiota and the dynamic interactions within this axis; highlighting the role of microbiome dependent communication. This communication stimulates the immune cells through signal molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cytokines. Additionally, through the vagus nerve, the microbiome stimulates the production of neurotransmitters. All these molecules can travel through the bloodstream to influence both the gut and lung systems. Created with inkscape.