Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by first-ever CHD event status over follow-upa and sex
| Men |
Women |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHD (n=17 010) | No CHD (n=183 652) | CHD (n=9215) | No CHD (n=246 618) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 28.5 (4.3) | 27.6 (4.0) | 28.6 (5.5) | 26.9 (5.0) |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 104.0 (7.8) | 103.2 (7.2) | 105.5 (11.1) | 103.0 (10.0) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.2 (11.5) | 96.2 (10.9) | 89.2 (13.1) | 84.2 (12.2) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.95 (0.06) | 0.93 (0.06) | 0.84 (0.07) | 0.82 (0.07) |
| Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors | ||||
| Age (years) | 59.7 (7.0) | 55.8 (8.2) | 60.6 (6.6) | 55.9 (8.0) |
| Achieved higher education | 9723 (57%) | 119 727 (65%) | 4319 (47%) | 142 795 (58%) |
| Townsend deprivation index | –1.1 (3.2) | –1.3 (3.1) | –1.0 (3.2) | –1.4 (3.0) |
| Current smoker | 2641 (16%) | 22 144 (12%) | 1286 (14%) | 21 079 (9%) |
| Daily drinker | 4306 (25%) | 46 956 (26%) | 1356 (15%) | 40 339 (16%) |
| Very physically active (METs ≥50 h/week) | 3311 (19%) | 37 075 (20%) | 1412 (15%) | 38 843 (16%) |
| Family history of CVD | 10 306 (61%) | 94 118 (51%) | 6469 (70%) | 141 045 (57%) |
| Potential mediators | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 145.8 (18.1) | 140.6 (17.2) | 142.8 (20.2) | 134.7 (19.2) |
| Apolipoprotein A (g/L) | 1.40 (0.23) | 1.44 (0.23) | 1.60 (0.27) | 1.64 (0.27) |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/L) | 1.07 (0.25) | 1.04 (0.23) | 1.09 (0.26) | 1.04 (0.24) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.8 (1.0) | 3.6 (0.9) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.4) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.8) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 38.1 (9.1) | 35.9 (6.8) | 38.3 (8.8) | 35.5 (5.5) |
| Diabetes | 1895 (11%) | 9436 (5%) | 886 (10%) | 7595 (3%) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.0 (4.9) | 2.3 (4.1) | 3.7 (5.3) | 2.6 (4.2) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate | 92.3 (13.9) | 95.7 (12.5) | 90.9 (14.5) | 95.1 (12.9) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 84.7 (26.6) | 81.5 (24.4) | 92.5 (29.8) | 84.1 (27.1) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 28.4 (12.0) | 28.1 (11.3) | 25.6 (11.0) | 24.4 (9.5) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 27.5 (16.1) | 27.5 (15.3) | 21.9 (13.2) | 20.1 (12.1) |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 48.8 (51.9) | 44.6 (46.4) | 36.7 (41.6) | 29.5 (32.4) |
CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; METs, metabolic equivalents of task.
a
First-ever CHD event defined as documentation of a CHD event upon hospital admission in medical records over the study period among persons without CHD at baseline.