Table 1.
Selected baseline characteristics of Project Viva women at enrolment (1999–2002) and those who completed any component of the Mid-Life Visit (2017–21)
| Characteristic | Enrolled at index pregnancy (n=2100) | Any Mid-Life Visit |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=843) | No (n=1257) | ||
| At enrolment | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 31.8 (5.2) | 32.5 (5.0) | 31.3 (5.3) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.9 (5.5) | 24.6 (5.2) | 25.1 (5.8) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, kg/m2 | |||
| <18.5 | 81 (4%) | 23 (3%) | 58 (5%) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1222 (59%) | 522 (62%) | 700 (56%) |
| 25–29.9 | 453 (22%) | 184 (22%) | 269 (22%) |
| ≥30 | 330 (16%) | 113 (13%) | 217 (17%) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 152 (7%) | 56 (7%) | 96 (8%) |
| White | 1379 (66%) | 576 (69%) | 803 (65%) |
| Black | 346 (17%) | 125 (15%) | 221 (18%) |
| Asian | 118 (6%) | 45 (5%) | 73 (6%) |
| Other | 81 (4%) | 38 (5%) | 43 (3%) |
| Nulliparous | 1017 (48%) | 411 (49%) | 606 (48%) |
| Education ≥college graduate | 1340 (65%) | 621 (74%) | 719 (58%) |
| Household income/year | |||
| <$40 000 | 290 (16%) | 112 (14%) | 178 (17%) |
| $40–$70 000 | 435 (24%) | 158 (20%) | 277 (26%) |
| > $70 000 | 1124 (61%) | 504 (65%) | 620 (58%) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 1425 (69%) | 601 (72%) | 824 (67%) |
| Before pregnancy | 389 (19%) | 161 (19%) | 228 (18%) |
| During pregnancy | 265 (13%) | 78 (9%) | 187 (15%) |
| Pregnancy characteristics | |||
| Pregnancy glucose status | |||
| Normal | 1687 (83%) | 697 (84%) | 990 (82%) |
| Isolated hyperglycaemia | 176 (9%) | 70 (8%) | 106 (9%) |
| Impaired glucose tolerance | 63 (3%) | 29 (3%) | 34 (3%) |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 113 (6%) | 35 (4%) | 78 (6%) |
| Pregnancy hypertension status | |||
| Normal | 1833 (89%) | 738 (89%) | 1095 (88%) |
| Gestational hypertension | 135 (7%) | 55 (7%) | 80 (6%) |
| Pre-eclampsia | 74 (4%) | 26 (3%) | 48 (4%) |
| Chronic hypertension | 27 (1%) | 12 (1%) | 15 (1%) |
| Gestational weight gaina | |||
| Inadequate | 267 (13%) | 115 (14%) | 152 (13%) |
| Adequate | 586 (29%) | 236 (28%) | 350 (29%) |
| Excessive | 1187 (58%) | 481 (58%) | 706 (58%) |
| Caesarean delivery | 496 (24%) | 189 (22%) | 307 (25%) |
| Preterm delivery <37 weeks | 152 (7%) | 56 (7%) | 96 (8%) |
a
Gestational weight gain per 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines.
BMI, body mass index.