Table 1.

Nanoparticle formulations and their clinical status ⁹,¹¹

Nanoparticle formulation	Applications	Status
Technetium-99m rhenium sulfide colloid	Bio-imaging	Approved in European countries
Iron oxide nanoparticles	Bio-imaging	Approved by FDA 1996
Hafnium oxide nanoparticles	Therapy	Clinical trials
64Cu labelled liposome loaded with doxorubicin	Cancer Theranostics	Phase I (2017)
64Cu labelled polyglucose nanoparticles	Bio-imaging	Phase I (2021)
124I or 89Zr labelled silica nanoparticles	Bio-imaging	Phase I (2022); NCT01266096, Active (2021)
NIR fluorophore tagged RGD-silica nanoparticles	Bio-imaging	NCT02106598, Phase I/II, Recruiting (2022)
Silica-gold core-shell	Therapy	NCT00848042, Completed (2017) NCT02680535, Completed (2021)
PEGylated gold nanoparticles	Targeted therapy	Phase I
Nucleic acids conjugated gold nanoparticles	Therapy	NCT03020017, Phase I, Completed (2020)
Aminosilane-SPIO nanoparticles	Therapy	Phase I
CdS/ZnS quantum dots	Bio-imaging and Therapy	Phase I
89Zr labelled polymeric nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel	Bio-imaging and Therapy	NCT03742713, Phase II, Completed (2020)
Fluorophore tagged organic micelle	Bio-imaging and Theranostics	NCT03735680, Phase II, Completed (2022) NCT05048082, Phase II, Recruiting (2022)
Albumin colloid	Bio-imaging	Clinically approved
Lipo-Dox (Taiwan Liposome)	Therapy	Clinically approved
Liposomal alendronate	Therapy	Under clinical trial
Doxorubicin liposomes Doxil (Janssen products)	Therapy	Phase II
Gd-polysiloxane nanoformulations	Bio-imaging and Theranostics	Under clinical trial