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. 2024 Jan 1;14(1):96–115. doi: 10.7150/thno.89247

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Synthetic sugar-capsules composed of a mannan or dextran polysaccharide shell with a hollow core serving as a novel nanosystem for mRNA vaccine delivery. (A) Schematic illustration of synthesis of mRNA-loaded sugar-capsules. (B) TEM images of sugar-capsules before (top) and after (bottom) removal of a core silica nanoparticle. (C) TEM images of sugar-capsules with multilayered mRNA loading at high (top) and low (bottom) magnifification. (D) Illustration of an mRNA-sugar-capsules with the weight ratio of components. (E) TEM images of Mann-capsules and (F) agarose gel image of mRNA-Mann-capsules or mRNA-PEI after DTT treatment. Adapted with permission from ¹²². Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.