MANF negatively regulates NPM1 expression in trophoblast cells, affecting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration ability. A. Western blotting of MANF, MMP2, and MMP9 expression in trophoblast cells with NPM1 overexpression and knockdown. B. Western blot band density quantification. C. CCK-8assay showing the cell proliferation activity of trophoblast cells overexpressing and knocked down for NPM1. D. Western blotting of the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 after simultaneous knockdown of NPM1 and MANF in trophoblast cells. E. Immunoblot band density quantification. F. Results and statistical analysis of wound healing experiments in trophoblast cells with NPM1 overexpression and knockdown. G. Results and statistical analysis of 24-h transwell experiments in trophoblast cells with NPM1 overexpression and knockdown. H. Results and statistical analysis of wound healing in trophoblast cells with stable MANF knockdown and simultaneous inhibition of NPM1 for 24 h. I. Determination and statistical analysis of cell invasion capacity of trophoblast cells with stable MANF knockdown and simultaneous inhibition of NPM1 for 24 h. All results are from three or more independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.