Figure 1:

A timeline on when factors of interest emerge during adolescence: a) Puberty starts a cascade of changes including changes in circadian timing and sleep neurophysiology, which b) interact with ecological constraints, leading to c) an increase in sleep related problems. d) Sleep related problems increase propensity for repetitive negative thoughts, which in turn interrupt sleep. e) The dynamic interplay between these factors increase risk for developing internalizing psychopathology in mid- to late adolescence.