Table 4.
Longitudinal Measurement Invariances of the WHO-5-C (N = 343)
| Hypothesis | χ2 (df) | P | Scaled Chi-Square Difference Test Statistics | CFI | ΔCFI | TLI | ΔTLI | RMSEA (90% CI) | ΔRMSEA | SRMR | ΔSRMR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δχ2 (Δdf) | P | |||||||||||
| Configural | 94.419 (29) | < 0.001 | 0.980 | 0.968 | 0.081 (0.063, 0.100) | 0.022 | ||||||
| Metric | 95.342 (33) | < 0.001 | 0.923 (4) | 0.921 | 0.980 | 0.000 | 0.973 | 0.005 | 0.074 (0.057, 0.092) | −0.007 | 0.024 | 0.002 |
| Scalar | 99.464 (37) | < 0.001 | 4.122 (4) | 0.390 | 0.980 | 0.000 | 0.976 | 0.003 | 0.070 (0.054, 0.087) | −0.004 | 0.025 | 0.001 |
| Strict | 125.095 (42) | < 0.001 | 25.631 (5) | < 0.001 | 0.974 | −0.006 | 0.972 | −0.004 | 0.076 (0.061, 0.091) | 0.006 | 0.027 | 0.002 |
| Threshold | N/A | > 0.050 | N/A | > 0.050 | ≥ 0.900 | ≤ 0.010 | ≥ 0.900 | ≤ 0.010 | ≤ 0.080 | ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.080 | ≤ 0.030 |
Abbreviations: WHO-5-C, Chinese World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index; χ2, chi-square; df, degrees of freedom; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker-Lewis index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; CI, confidence interval; SRMR, standardized root mean square residual; Δ, change in χ2, df, CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR; N/A, not applicable.