Fig. 5.

The host cell immune response after Mpox virus infection. The Mpox induces specific and non-specific immune responses after infection. Briefly, upon entry of Mpox virus into host cells, mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils initiate recruitment and increased proliferative infiltration, other antigen-presenting cells (such as dendritic cell) become activated, leading to the release of effector molecules and chemokines, while other cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells and the complement system) of the immune system also begin to exert their corresponding effector functions. IL interleukin, Th helper T cell, IFN Interferon, ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity