Table 1.
Anti-Mpox drugs and candidate compounds
| Name | Mechanism | Function | Clinical Use | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Targeting virus intrusion | Amphotericin B | Isolate cholesterol and destroy lipid rafts | Restrict Mpox virus entry | ☒ |
| Cholesterol lowering drugs | ||||
| Glycosaminoglycan analog | Competitive binding to host cell membrane | Prevent the attachment and entry of Mpox virus | ☒ | |
| Targeting virus replication | Cidofovir | Competitive binding of DNA or RNA polymerase | Interference with viral DNA or RNA synthesis | ☑ |
| Brincidofovir | ☑ | |||
| NPP-669 | ☒ | |||
| KAY-2–41 | ☒ | |||
| Trifluridine | ☑ | |||
| Ribavirin | ☑ | |||
| Ionomycin | Destroy the integrity of Endoplasmic reticulum | Inhibit the viral genome envelope formation | ☒ | |
| Targeting virus assembly, maturation and release | Nocodazole | Promote microtubule depolymerization | Inhibit the movement of viral particles to the cell surface | ☒ |
| Imatinib mesylate | Tyrosinase inhibition | Inhibit the actin tail formation | ☒ | |
| PA104 | Inhibit the actin tail formation | Inhibit Mpox virus efflux | ☒ | |
| Tecovirimat | Inhibit vp37 protein synthesis | Inhibit the maturation and budding release of orthopoxviruses | ☑ | |
| NIOCH-14 | ☒ | |||
| Gefitinib | EGFR inhibition | Inhibit the actin tail formation | ☒ | |
| MEK inhibitors | MEK inhibition | Inhibit the actin tail formation | ☒ | |
| A36R polypeptide | Anti Mpox virus-A36R | Inhibit Mpox virus transmission and release | ☒ | |
| Immunoregulation | VIGIV | antigen binding | Prevent Mpox virus infection of target cells | ☑ |
| Pidotimod | Enhancing specific and non-specific immunity | Enhance immune response | ☒ | |
| Thymopeptide | ☒ | |||
| mAbs | Destroy virus particles | Prevent virus infection of cells | ☒ | |
| Nigericin | Activate IL-1β and IL-18 | Induced pyroptosis | ☒ | |
| Imiquimod | TLR agonists and local immune activity enhancer | Stimulate cytokine production and activate local immunity | ☒ |