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. 2023 Oct 27;14(6):2703–2718. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13346

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) promotes adipogenic differentiation of fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) isolated from lower limb muscles of Gipr +/+ mice. (A) In situ hybridization analysis using antisense riboprobes of mouse Gipr mRNA in tibialis anterior muscle of 8‐week‐old Gipr +/+ mouse. Arrows indicate Gipr mRNA expression. Bar indicates 100 μm. (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of Pdgfra and Gipr in whole muscle, CD45+, CD31+ or α7‐integrin+ cells, and FAPs in lower limb muscle of 12‐week‐old Gipr +/+ mouse, and FAPs in lower limb muscle of 12‐week‐old Gipr −/− mouse. n = 3 mice per group. (C) Representative images (left) and relative absorbance levels at 492 nm (right) in Oil Red O staining in FAPs isolated from lower limb muscles of 12‐week‐old Gipr +/+ and Gipr −/− mice and cultured under the conditions of absence (0 nM) and presence (10 or 100 nM) of GIP. The absorbance at 492 nm denotes the effectiveness of adipogenic differentiation of FAPs. Bars indicate 100 μm. n = 4 mice per group. (D) Relative mRNA expression levels of Pparg, Wisp1, Bmp3b and follistatin in FAPs isolated from lower limb muscles of 12‐week‐old Gipr +/+ mice and cultured under the conditions of absence (0 nM) and presence (10 or 100 nM) of GIP. n = 4 mice per group. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. NS, not significant.