Table 1.
Sample characteristics in imputed data for the 5212 participants
| Proportion of participants (%) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Exposures (age 0–12 years) | ||
| No ACEs | 1481* (28·4%) | |
| Any ACEs | 3731* (71·6%) | |
| 1 ACE | 1532* (29·4%) | |
| 2–3 ACEs | 1657* (31·8%) | |
| 4 or more ACEs | 542* (10·4%) | |
| Parental substance use or abuse | 469* (9·0%) | |
| Parental mental health problems or suicide attempt | 2168* (41·6%) | |
| Parent with criminal conviction | 370* (7·1%) | |
| Parental separation | 1095* (21·0%) | |
| Interpartner violence between parents | 980* (18·8%) | |
| Bullying | 662* (12·7%) | |
| Physical abuse | 714* (13·7%) | |
| Sexual abuse | 162* (3·1%) | |
| Emotional abuse | 1006* (19·3%) | |
| Emotional neglect | 318* (6·1%) | |
| Covariates | ||
| Sex | ||
| Female | 3132 (60·1%) | |
| Male | 2080 (39·9%) | |
| Lower socioeconomic position at age 0–12 years | 380* (7·3%) | |
| Maternal substance use during pregnancy | 33 (0·6%) | |
| Maternal partner substance use during pregnancy | 246 (4·7%) | |
| Maternal mental health problems before or during pregnancy | 557 (10·7%) | |
| Maternal partner mental health problems before or during pregnancy | 309 (5·9%) | |
| Financial difficulties during pregnancy | 2811 (53·9%) | |
| Additional data | ||
| Ethnicity | ||
| Black, Asian, or minority ethnicity | 168 (4·0%) | |
| White | 5044 (96·0%) | |
Data are n (%). ACE=adverse childhood experience.
*
Estimated from imputed proportions as data were incomplete.