Table 7.

Results of study 2 multilevel models examining the impact of worker-, leader-, and team-level humility variables on outcomes and attributions.

Model and variable	Leader effectiveness	Leader impact	Team cohesion	Team safety	Team performance	Job engagement	Job satisfaction	Compassion satisfaction	Burnout	Secondary trauma	Depression	PTSD	Flourishing
1: Control variables
Worker age
Worker gender						−0.19
Worker length of employment	−0.16	−0.24			−0.17					−0.15
Leader age
Leader gender
Leader length of time in role				0.27
2: Worker variables
General humility	0.22		0.29		0.30	0.45	0.31	0.50	−0.26			0.18	0.40
Relational humility		0.21		0.18					−0.34			−0.24
3: Leader variables
General humility	0.13	0.15											0.23
Relational humility
Trait narcissism											−0.21	−0.15
4: Team variables
Ratings of leader’s general humility	0.42	0.50	0.26	0.27	0.24		0.28
5: Interaction terms
Leader narcissism x general humility
Leader narcissism x relational humility
Model variance
σ2	0.68	2.02	1.19	0.72	0.38	0.83	0.85	29.51	22.27	35.16	14.63	41.20	0.66
τ00	0.18	0.95	0.20	0.16	0.15	0.20	0.09	14.39	3.12	14.84	2.15	0.09	0.24
% variation at L1	0.79	0.68	0.86	0.82	0.72	0.81	0.90	0.67	0.88	0.70	0.87	1.00	0.74
% variation at L2	0.21	0.32	0.14	0.18	0.28	0.19	0.10	0.33	0.12	0.30	0.13	0.00	0.26
Pseudo R2	0.30	0.39	0.24	0.14	0.31	0.27	0.18	0.30	0.27	0.33	0.04	0.09	0.19
f 2	0.43	0.64	0.32	0.16	0.45	0.37	0.22	0.43	0.37	0.49	0.04	0.10	0.23

L1, level 1 (worker-level variables); L2, level 2 (which collectively includes leader- and team-level variables). To facilitate interpretation, only values significant at the p < 0.05 level are included. All values indicated in the shaded rows are standardized regression coefficients (β).