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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 27.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2023 Dec 7;186(25):5472–5485.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.018

Figure 3. Arrival of ancestry related to Eastern European populations after 700 CE.

Figure 3.

(A) PCA computed on present-day Central, Northern and Eastern Europeans. Present-day Balkan individuals and ancient individuals were projected onto the PCs. Ancient Balkan individuals are shown as red and blue diamonds and other relevant ancient populations are shown as colored polygons including all individuals in each population. (B) f4-statistics assessing differential affinities to Central/Northern- and Eastern European-related groups. Central/Northern European-related includes individuals from two Langobard-associated cemeteries in Hungary and Northern Italy displaying Central/Northern European-related ancestry (CNE_EarlyMedieval) and Bronze and Iron Age individuals from the Netherlands (Data S2, Table 3). Eastern European-related includes CEE_EarlyMedieval and Bronze Age individuals from Latvia and Lithuania. Test populations are shown in the y-axis. Error bars represent one standard error.