Table 3.
Differences in baseline immune signature in cerebrospinal fluid exudate by gender among patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
| Variables | Women, Median (IQR) | Men, Median (IQR) | P-value |
| Participants, N = 419 | 168 (40.1) | 251 (59.9) | |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| PD-L1/B7-H1 | 90.0 (41.0–170.6) | 112.5 (53.4–205.9) | 0.028 |
| T helper 1 cytokines | |||
| TNF-α | 37.4 (11.8–86.3) | 49.2 (20.3–109.4) | 0.048 |
| IL-2 | 5.0 (2.1–8.8) | 5.1 (2.5–9.0) | |
| IFN-γ | 3.8 (0.4–10.3) | 5.2 (0.4–12.9) | |
| CD40 Ligand/TNFSF5 | 370.2 (73.1–636.4) | 411.1 (188.2–715) | |
| CCL11/Eotaxin | 15.0 (6.2–20.7) | 14.5 (7.4–20.2) | |
| IL-12p70 | 5.2 (1.4–10.0) | 6.0 (1.7–10.4) | |
| CXCL10/IP-10 | 2,407.0 (1,038.0–3,037.0) | 2394.0 (1,161.0–3,017.0) | |
| T helper 2 cytokine | |||
| IL-4 | 1.2 (0.4–2.2) | 1.3 (0.5–2.3) | |
| IL-13 | 22.3 (10.9–35.4) | 21.9 (10.6–35.0) | |
| T helper 17 cytokine | |||
| IL-17A | 1.6 (0.2–4.1) | 2.3 (0.2–5.4) | |
| T follicular helper cytokines | |||
| IL-10 | 213.2 (144.7–325.2) | 242.8 (161.6–348.3) | |
| Innate myeloid cytokines | |||
| IL-1RA/IL-1F3 | 4041.0 (1,139.0–10,005.0) | 6142.0 (2,582.0–10,067.0) | 0.001 |
| IL-15 | 2.8 (1.8–4.6) | 3.6 (2.5–5.2) | 0.003 |
| IL-8/CXCL8 | 346.5 (148.0–1042.0) | 380.4 (135.4–1,118.0) | |
| IL-6 | 142.4 (44.4–721.3) | 209.3 (48.6–1,344.0) | |
Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine differentiation with gender: Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured in picogram per milliliter (pg/mL). Statistics: Mann–Whitney U-test. The statistically similar variable had a p-value ≥0.05 at a 95% confidence interval.