Table 1.

Broad areas and specific topics in critical care cardiology research

Broad Area	Specific Topics
Hemodynamic Monitoring
	PAC use in cardiogenic shock
	Non-invasive hemodynamics devices
	Evidenced based use of POCUS
Respiratory Management
	Strategies to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation
	Efficacy and safety of alternative ventilatory modes and settings
	Heart-lung interactions with positive pressure ventilation
	Optimal extubation strategies
	Sedation and analgesia for mechanical ventilation
	Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide targets for cardiac patients
Acute Arrhythmias
	Ventricular tachycardia storm management
	Acute treatment of rapid atrial fibrillation
	Medical management of unstable bradyarrhythmias
Prognostication/Advanced Phenotyping
	Appropriateness criteria for triage to the CICU
	Risk prediction across various diagnoses, (e.g., acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest)
	Neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest
	Deep phenotyping to tailor therapies (e.g., cardiogenic shock type to tailored medical or mechanical therapy)
	Application of biomarkers and proteomics for prognostication
	Identifying futility to better counsel patients/families
	Quantifying the impact of frailty on outcomes and response to therapies
	Selection of patients for transfer to advanced care centers
	Timing of palliative care involvement
Cardiogenic Shock
	Improving medical management paradigms
	Identifying evidence-based approaches to and selection of MCS
	Optimal hemodynamic targets (e.g., mean arterial pressure)
	Management of acute and chronic right ventricular failure
	Strategies for identifying and managing mixed shock
	Mitigation of device complications
	Venting strategies for ECMO
Cardiac Arrest
	Post-cardiac arrest management (e.g., temperature targets)
	Strategies to optimize ECMO for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CCC Education/Staffing
	Delineation of the skills and training for CICU practitioners
	Appropriate staffing models stratified by CICU level
Renal Management
	Identification and treatment of cardiorenal syndrome
	Timing and modes of renal replacement therapy in cardiac patients
Research Methods
	Methods and strategies for implementation of structured severity staging within registries and clinical trials
	Applications of artificial intelligence in the data rich CICU
	Ethical and efficient informed consent in CCC research
	Implementation of novel and pragmatic trial designs, including Bayesian adaptive designs, registry and EHR-based studies
Post-Cardiotomy Critical Care

PAC = Pulmonary artery catheter; POCUS = Point-of-care ultrasound; CICU = Cardiac intensive care unit; MCS = Mechanical circulatory support; ECMO = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CCC = Critical care cardiology; EHR = Electronic heath record