FIGURE 4.

Hydrogen peroxide scavenging significantly blunts CD8⁺ T cell effector function after α-CD3/α-CD28 stimulation. NOD CD8⁺ T cells were stimulated by α-CD3/α-CD28 for 3 d in the presence or absence of catalase or SOD1. (A) Intracellular levels of IFN-γ, granzyme B, and TNF-α were assessed. (B) IFN-γ was measured by ELISA on days 1, 2, and 3. (C) Intracellular staining for T-bet in CD8⁺ T cells. (D) CD8⁺ T cell proliferation was assessed by [³H]TdR incorporation. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Each measure was compiled from four independent observations performed in triplicate. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).