Figure 5.

Effects of fucoxanthin on SOD activity and GSH level in H₂O₂-treated PL-MSCs. (a) SOD activity of PL-MSCs after 24 h of co-treatment with 750 μM H₂O₂ and fucoxanthin. (b) SOD activity of PL-MSCs pre-treated with fucoxanthin for 24 h followed by treatment with 750 μM H₂O₂ for 24 h. (c) GSH level of PL-MSCs after 24 h co-treatment with 750 μM H₂O₂ and fucoxanthin. (d) GSH level of PL-MSCs after fucoxanthin treatment for 24 h, followed by H₂O₂ treatment for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 4. Statistical significance was tested using the pair T-test. ^#p ≤ 0.05 vs. PL-MSCs cultured in the completed DMEM medium. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001 vs. H₂O₂-treated PL-MSCs without fucoxanthin. ^$p ≤ 0.05 vs. PL-MSCs cultured in completed DMEM medium.