Table 2.

The mechanism of signaling pathway in the progression stage of LR

Signal pathway	Mechanism	Reference
Hippo Pathway	Overexpression of YAP led to liver enlargement, thereby producing a liver five times larger than normal. Stopping YAP up-regulation reversed the phenotype, and the liver then returned to the normal size rapidly.	Dong et al.140 Camargo et al.143
	YAP up-regulation led to HCC occurrence. YAP1 expression levels were strikingly correlated with the expression levels of both cyclinD1 and BclXL.	Camargo et al.143
PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	Salidroside promoted hepatocyte regeneration through PI3K/AKT/Gsk3-β pathway.	Cui et al.152
	Farnesoid X receptors damaged liver progenitor cell-mediated LR via the PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis.	Jung et al.153
	In hepatocytes of Aquaporin-9 knockout mice, the PI3K-AKT and insulin signaling pathways were suppressed and hepatocyte proliferation was impaired.	Zhang et al.154
	TCTP promoted LR in mice by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through interaction with mTORC2.	Lin et al.155
	PNS promoted LR through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and upregulated the AKT/Bad cell pathways in mice.	Zhong et al.156
HGF signaling pathway	PPARγ inhibited LR after PHx by negatively regulating HGF/c-Met/ERK1/2 pathway.	Cheng et al.170
	SOCS1 controlled LR through modulating HGF pathway within hepatocytes. LR rate was accelerated, DNA synthesis was enhanced and the early phosphorylation level of Gab1, the downstream signal of c-Met, was upregulated in SOCS1 (−/−) mice.	Gui et al.171
HGF signaling pathway	HGF/c-Met signaling pathway was positively correlated with hepatocyte cycle progression and cell proliferation in the zebrafish LR model.	Chiang et al.173
	HGF induced cyclin D1 expression via MAPK family member P38.	Mohammed et al.174
	HGF activated the STAT3/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway and induced the expression of various cell cycle core proteins.	Li et al.175