Table 3. The association between activities of the Integrated Child Development Services scheme and messages received, India, 2021 .
| Nutrition message | Service received, RR (95% CI) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Take-home rations for more than 21 daysa,b | Nutrition information from an Anganwadi worker during pregnancy | Home visit by an Anganwadi worker in past month (n = 1100 pregnant women) | Ever attended a community-based eventc | Attended the village health sanitation and nutrition day in the past month | Growth monitoring in past year (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | Applicationd used by Anganwadi worker | |
| Pregnancy nutrition (n = 1100 pregnant women) | |||||||
| Take one iron-folic acid tablet at night after dinner | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) | 1.25 (1.18 to 1.32) | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.20) | 1.13 (1.09 to 1.18) | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | NA | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) |
| Take one iron-folic acid tablet daily for at least 100 days | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) | 1.39 (1.26 to 1.52) | 1.22 (1.11 to 1.33) | 1.35 (1.26 to 1.45) | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.24) | NA | 1.13 (1.04 to 1.24) |
| Consume green and yellow/orange coloured fruits and vegetables and drink milk daily | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.13) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.06) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) | NA | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.07) |
| Increase the quantity of food during pregnancy | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) | 1.24 (1.16 to 1.33) | 1.11 (1.05 to 1.19) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.15) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.09) | NA | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15) |
| Take frequent meals during the day (five to six small meals rather than three) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.16 (1.10 to 1.23) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.16) | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.15) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) | NA | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) |
| Rest for 1–2 hours in a day | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.12) | 1.16 (1.11 to 1.22) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.14 (1.10 to 1.17) | 1.08 (1.04 to 1.12) | NA | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) |
| Non-vegetarians should include non-vegetarian items in the diet | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.32) | 1.43 (1.29 to 1.59) | 1.28 (1.16 to 1.42) | 1.30 (1.20 to 1.41) | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20) | NA | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) |
| Infant and young child nutrition | |||||||
| Feed colostrum immediately after birth (n = 1100 pregnant women) | 1.15 (1.05 to 1.25) | 1.44 (1.29 to 1.60) | 1.21 (1.10 to 1.33) | 1.36 (1.26 to 1.47) | 1.20 (1.10 to 1.31) | NA | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23) |
| Breastfeed the baby within 1 hour of birth (n = 4400 survey participants) | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.11) | 1.25 (1.21 to 1.30) | 1.19 (1.10 to 1.28) | 1.17 (1.15 to 1.20) | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.13) | 1.20 (1.15 to 1.26) | 1.14 (1.11 to 1.18) |
| Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age (n = 4400 survey participants) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08) | 1.17 (1.13 to 1.20) | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.21) | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.13) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.08) | 1.15 (1.11 to 1.19) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) |
| Initiate complementary feeding at age 6 months, along with breastfeeding (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08) | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.18) | NA | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.13) | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.09) | 1.17 (1.13 to 1.22) | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.10) |
| From 6–8 months of age, child should be fed two bowls of complementary foods daily (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.12) | 1.22 (1.17 to 1.27) | NA | 1.21 (1.18 to 1.25) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.15) | 1.28 (1.21 to 1.35) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.17) |
| From 9–11 months of age, child should be fed three bowls of complementary foods daily (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20) | 1.33 (1.26 to 1.40) | NA | 1.34 (1.29 to 1.40) | 1.22 (1.17 to 1.27) | 1.35 (1.26 to 1.44) | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.18) |
| From 12–24 months of age, child should be fed four bowls of complementary foods daily (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.19 (1.14 to 1.25) | 1.29 (1.22 to 1.36) | NA | 1.37 (1.31 to 1.43) | 1.25 (1.20 to 1.31) | 1.37 (1.28 to 1.48) | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) |
| Feed the child from a separate bowl (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.12 (1.07 to 1.16) | 1.35 (1.28 to 1.42) | NA | 1.33 (1.27 to 1.38) | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.22) | 1.39 (1.30 to 1.49) | 1.16 (1.10 to 1.21) |
| Play with the child while feeding (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.09 (1.06 to 1.13) | 1.23 (1.18 to 1.28) | NA | 1.22 (1.18 to 1.26) | 1.11 (1.08 to 1.15) | 1.31 (1.24 to 1.39) | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.15) |
| After a child's illness, increase the quantity of food fed (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.14) | 1.32 (1.25 to 1.40) | NA | 1.28 (1.23 to 1.34) | 1.20 (1.15 to 1.25) | 1.40 (1.31 to 1.51) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) |
| Wash hands before preparing food and feeding the baby (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.16) | NA | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.12) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) | 1.15 (1.11 to 1.20) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06) |
CI: confidence interval; NA: not applicable; RR: risk ratio.
a Take-home rations comprise of a variety of products, dry rations and hot cooked meals, depending on the implementation locality.
b Missing data for the number of days of take-home rations for nine pregnant women, 39 women with children aged 0–5 months, and 51 women with children aged 6–23 months.
c A community-based event is a group celebration of milestones in the mother or child’s life which includes nutrition messages.
d Application refers to a common application software of the integrated child development activities.
Note: We set integrated child development activities as independent variable and messages received as dependent variable, and adjusted for sociodemographic factors.