Table 4. The association between activities of the Integrated Child Development Services scheme and nutrition practices, India, 2021 .
| Nutrition practice | Intervention received, RR (95% CI) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Take-home rations for more than 21 daysa,b | Nutrition information from Anganwadi worker during pregnancy | Home visit by an Anganwadi worker in past month (n = 1100 pregnant women) | Ever attended a community-based eventc | Attended the village health sanitation and nutrition day in the past month | Growth monitoring in past year (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | Applicationd used by Anganwadi worker | |
| Consumed iron-folic acid tablets for 100 or more days during pregnancy (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20) | 1.37 (1.29 to 1.47) | NA | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.28) | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.29) | 1.43 (1.31 to 1.55) | 1.23 (1.16 to 1.31) |
| Achieved the minimum dietary diversity for pregnant women (≥ five food groups; n = 1100 pregnant women) | 1.20 (1.10 to 1.31) | 1.57 (1.41 to 1.74) | 1.35 (1.22 to 1.49) | 1.24 (1.15 to 1.34) | 1.21 (1.12 to 1.31) | NA | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) |
| Breastfeeding initiated in the first hour of life (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | NA | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.22) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.14) | 1.15 (1.08 to 1.22) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) |
| Child exclusively breastfed in the first 6 months of life (n = 1100 children aged 0–5 months) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.13) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) | NA | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.13) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.08) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.09) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) |
| Children aged 6–8 months of age receiving solid or semi-solid food and breast milk (n = 517) | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.10) | 1.32 (1.14 to 1.53) | NA | 1.21 (1.07 to 1.37) | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.15) | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.38) | 0.98 (0.85 to 1.12) |
| Minimum dietary diversity (n = 2200 children aged 6–23 months) | 1.42 (1.26 to 1.59) | 1.78 (1.55 to 2.06) | NA | 1.75 (1.57 to 1.96) | 1.51 (1.36 to 1.69) | 2.20 (1.72 to 2.82) | 1.21 (1.07 to 1.37) |
| Minimum meal frequency (n = 2200 children aged 6–23 months) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.10) | 1.19 (1.10 to 1.28) | NA | 1.16 (1.09 to 1.24) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15) | 1.20 (1.07 to 1.33) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) |
| Minimum acceptable diet (n = 2200 children aged 6–23 months) | 1.36 (1.18 to 1.57) | 1.80 (1.51 to 2.14) | NA | 1.83 (1.59 to 2.11) | 1.57 (1.37 to 1.80) | 2.30 (1.70 to 3.11) | 1.12 (0.97 to 1.30) |
| Increase food quantity or breastfeeding following illness (n = 3300 women with children aged 0–23 months) | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.18) | 1.20 (1.10 to 1.32) | NA | 1.19 (1.09 to 1.29) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.17) | 1.22 (1.09 to 1.37) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.11) |
CI: confidence interval; NA: not applicable; RR: risk ratio.
a Take-home rations comprise of a variety of products, dry rations and hot cooked meals, depending on the implementation locality.
b Missing data for the number of days of take-home rations for nine pregnant women, 39 women with children aged 0–5 months, and 51 women with children aged 6–23 months.
c A community-based event is a group celebration of milestones in the mother or child’s life which includes nutrition messages.
d Application refers to a common application software of the integrated child development activities.
Note: We set integrated child development activities as independent variable and messages received as dependent variable, and adjusted for sociodemographic factors.