Table 4.
Change in outcome variables between baseline to 6 weeks.
| Outcome variable and time point | Control (n=26), mean (SE) | Mello (n=29), mean (SE) | F test (group×time interaction; df) | Cohen d | P value | |||||||
| PHQ-8a | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 15.65 (0.79) | 15.34 (0.73) | N/Ab | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 13.56 (0.97) | 13.21 (0.87) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 14 (0.9) | 12.11 (0.86) | 3.21 (1,51) | 0.50 | .08 | ||||||
| GAD-7c | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 13.42 (0.91) | 14.45 (0.73) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 13.32 (0.89) | 10.9 (0.88) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 13.17 (1.03) | 10.93 (0.88) | 9.06 (1,51) | 0.61 | .004 | ||||||
| PTQd | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 44.96 (1.41) | 45.21 (1.12) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 43.32 (1.65) | 38.62 (1.51) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 42.25 (1.74) | 35.61 (1.88) | 9.59 (1,51) | 0.87 | .003 | ||||||
| RRSe | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 65.38 (2.19) | 66.31 (1.8) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 63.84 (2.26) | 58.45 (1.91) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 61.17 (2.44) | 56.25 (2.54) | 4.35 (1,51) | 0.59 | .04 | ||||||
| PSWQf | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 69.23 (1.66) | 67.69 (1.27) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 67.48 (1.61) | 63.17 (1.39) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 67.62 (1.38) | 61.18 (1.93) | 3.74 (1,51) | 0.54 | .06 | ||||||
| CFQg | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 41.04 (0.98) | 40.41 (0.85) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 40.56 (1.02) | 36.45 (0.95) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 38.92 (1.12) | 33.79 (1.57) | 5.85 (1,51) | 0.67 | .02 | ||||||
| ERQ reappraisalh | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 21.88 (1.9) | 21.1 (1.41) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 23.48 (1.52) | 22.07 (1.34) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 21.67 (1.73) | 23.32 (1.41) | 1.66 (1,51) | 0.36 | .20 | ||||||
| WEMWBSi | ||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 37.35 (1.49) | 36.59 (1.07) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
3 weeks | 38.8 (1.86) | 38.07 (1.07) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
|
|
6 weeks | 37.12 (1.92) | 41.32 (1.33) | 4.60 (1,51) | 0.61 | .04 | ||||||
| SISj | ||||||||||||
|
|
Thoughts | |||||||||||
|
|
|
Baseline | 74.77 (2.85) | 76.9 (4.35) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
|
|
|
3 weeks | 74.84 (3.37) | 75.9 (3.31) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
|
|
|
6 weeks | 74.21 (3.95) | 77.18 (3.19) | 0.13 (1,51) | 0.10 | .73 | |||||
|
|
Factors | |||||||||||
|
|
|
Baseline | 67.62 (3.9) | 69.28 (4.41) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
|
|
|
3 weeks | 67.04 (5.69) | 74.79 (3.29) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
|
|
|
6 weeks | 69.38 (4.74) | 75.07 (2.62) | 0.47 (1,51) | 0.19 | .49 | |||||
|
|
Confidence | |||||||||||
|
|
|
Baseline | 28.96 (3.78) | 30.55 (4.1) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
|
|
|
3 weeks | 34.8 (4.54) | 42.79 (4.12) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
|
|
|
6 weeks | 28.92 (3.88) | 49.04 (4.04) | 17.27 (1,51) | 1.66 | <.001 | |||||
aPHQ-8: Patient Health Questionnaire 8.
bN/A: not applicable.
cGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7.
dPTQ: Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire.
eRRS: Ruminative Response Scale.
fPSWQ: Penn State Worry Questionnaire.
gCFQ: Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire.
hERQ reappraisal: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Reappraisal subscale.
iWEMWBS: Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.
jSIS: single item self-awareness and self-management measures.