Table 1.
Summary of measured variables (N=62).
| Variables | Values | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 46 (18) | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||
| Female | 25 (40) | |
| Male | 37 (60) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24 (5) | |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II, mean (SD) | 20 (11) | |
| Apnea-hypopnea index (events/h), mean (SD) | 17 (21) | |
| Psychiatric disordersa, n (%) | ||
| Sleep-wake disorders | 19 (31) | |
| Major depressive disorders | 13 (21) | |
| Bipolar disorders | 9 (15) | |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | 8 (13) | |
| Neurodegenerative disease | 6 (10) | |
| Other | 4 (7) | |
| Schizophrenia | 3 (5) | |
| Sleep disordersb, n (%) | ||
| Insomnia | 44 (71) | |
| Obstructive sleep apneac | 36 (58) | |
| Hypersomnia or narcolepsy | 10 (16) | |
| Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder | 6 (10) | |
| Periodic limb movement disorderd | 6 (10) | |
| Circadian rhythm disorders | 1 (2) | |
aDiagnosis based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
bDiagnosis based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition. Some cases overlapped.
cObstructive sleep apnea is defined by an apnea-hypopnea index ≥5 events/hour.
dPeriodic limb movement disorder is defined by being ≥15.