Table 2.
Characteristics of and comparison between participants who completed <6 letters (dropouts) and participants who completed all 6 letters (completers).
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EXPOa | CRb | F test (df)c | P value | |||||||||||||||||||
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Dropouts (n=39) | Completers (n=59) | Dropouts (n=38) | Completers (n=64) |
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| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Age (years), mean (SD) | 24.74 (6.47) | 27.81 (8.12) | 24.03 (6.11) | 24.97 (6.31) | 7.08 (3)d | .07 | ||||||||||||||||
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Female sex, n (%) | 28 (72) | 47 (80) | 30 (79) | 53 (83) | 1.80 (3)e | .62 | ||||||||||||||||
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Marital status, n (%) | Fisherf | .29 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Single | 22 (56) | 34 (58) | 24 (63) | 44 (69) |
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Married or in a relationship | 17 (44) | 22 (37) | 10 (26) | 17 (27) |
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Divorced | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | 3 (8) | 3 (5) |
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Widowed | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
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Education, n (%) | Fisherf | .58 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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High education (high school, university or college diploma) | 35 (90) | 53 (90) | 36 (95) | 61 (95) |
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Low education (no or intermediate school diploma) | 4 (10) | 6 (10) | 2 (5) | 3 (5) |
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Type of residence, n (%) | Fisherf | .07 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Urban (metropolitan city, small town, or suburb) | 36 (92) | 54 (92) | 30 (79) | 61 (95) |
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Rural (village or single farmstead) | 3 (8) | 5 (8) | 8 (21) | 3 (5) |
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| Trauma-related characteristics | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Number of different traumatic events (trauma exposure list), mean (SD) | 5.15 (4.16) | 5.58 (3.99) | 4.53 (3.03) | 4.92 (3.5) | 1.82 (3)d | .61 | ||||||||||||||||
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Exposure to sexual violence during most distressing trauma (LEC-5g), n (%) | 15 (41)h | 13 (23)i | 17 (46)h | 19 (31)j | 6.57 (3)e | .09 | ||||||||||||||||
| Clinical characteristics, mean (SD) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Posttraumatic stress symptom severity (PCL-5k) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Overall | 47.43 (13.15)h | 48.25 (12.37)i | 52.30 (10.85)h | 45.37 (11.37)j | 3.02 (3, 94.5) | .03 | |||||||||||||||
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Re-experiencing | 10.70 (4.55)h | 10.82 (4.43)i | 11.81 (4.64)h | 10.24 (4.70)j | 0.87 (3, 94.8) | .46 | |||||||||||||||
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Avoidance | 5.22 (2.45)h | 5.30 (2.20)i | 5.30 (2.60)h | 4.97 (2.10)j | 1.68 (3)d | .64 | |||||||||||||||
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Negative alterations in cognitions and mood | 17.68 (5.42)h | 18.37 (5.16)i | 20.08 (4.13)h | 17.39 (4.67)j | 3.19 (3, 95.3) | .03 | |||||||||||||||
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Hyperarousal | 13.84 (4.72)h | 13.75 (4.43)i | 15.11 (4.35)h | 12.77 (4.50)j | 2.15 (3, 94.6) | .10 | |||||||||||||||
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Posttraumatic maladaptive beliefs (PMBSl) | 68.76 (12.08)h | 66.65 (13.42)i | 72.81 (14.09)h | 64.42 (14.69)j | 2.83 (3, 96.3) | .04 | ||||||||||||||||
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Trauma-related guilt (TRGIm) | 1.59 (0.75)h | 1.89 (0.81)i | 1.92 (0.84)h | 1.75 (0.89)j | 1.54 (3, 96.2) | .21 | ||||||||||||||||
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Anxiety symptom severity (GAD-7n) | 14.15 (4.57) | 13 (4.46) | 14.18 (4.34) | 13.34 (4.97) | 0.82 (3, 99.8) | .49 | ||||||||||||||||
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Depressive symptom severity (PHQ-9o) | 17.36 (5.9) | 16.24 (4.92) | 19.21 (4.38) | 16.5 (5.15) | 3.78 (3, 98.7) | .01 | ||||||||||||||||
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Somatoform symptom severity (PHQ-15p) | 14.95 (4.97) | 14.17 (5.97) | 15.13 (4.86) | 13.67 (4.53) | 0.10 (3, 98.4) | .40 | ||||||||||||||||
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Quality of life (EUROHIS-QOL-8q) | 13.28 (4.62) | 12.93 (4.38) | 11.34 (4.04) | 13.84 (4.69) | 2.80 (3, 99.7) | .04 | ||||||||||||||||
aEXPO: exposure treatment.
bCR: cognitive restructuring treatment.
cGroup comparisons based on the Welch test unless otherwise stated.
dKruskal-Wallis test (test statistic H).
eChi-square test of independence.
fFisher exact test.
gLEC-5: Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (extended version).
hn=37 because of missing data.
in=57 because of missing data.
jn=62 because of missing data.
kPCL-5: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (extended version).
lPMBS: Posttraumatic Maladaptive Beliefs Scale.
mTRGI: Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory.
nGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7.
oPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire–9.
pPHQ-15: Patient Health Questionnaire–15.
qEUROHIS-QOL-8: EUROHIS Quality of Life 8-item index.