Table 1.
Incidence rate trends of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from clinical cultures, surveillance cultures, and combined clinical and surveillance cultures across the Asia-pacific hospitals from interrupted time series analysis
| Hospital | Monthly change in CRE incidence in pre-pandemic period | Step change in CRE incidence rate at the start of the pandemic period | Monthly change in CRE incidence trend during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence rate (95%CI) | P value | Incidence rate (95%CI) | P value | Incidence rate (95%CI) | P value | |
| Incidence of CRE from clinical cultures | ||||||
| Hospital 1 | −0.005 (−0.016 to 0.005) | 0.33 | −0.072 (−0.179 to 0.034) | 0.17 | 0.010 (−0.004 to 0.025) | 0.14 |
| Hospital 2 | 0.008 (0.001 to0.016) | 0.03 | −0.068 (−0.171 to 0.035) | 0.19 | −0.012 (−0.026 to 0.003) | 0.11 |
| Hospital 3 | −0.0005 (−0.013 to 0.012) | 0.94 | 0.025 (−0.066 to 0.117) | 0.57 | −0.001 (−0.023 to 0.020) | 0.90 |
| Hospital 4 | −0.003 (−0.015 to 0.009) | 0.65 | 0.076 (−0.098 to 0.250) | 0.38 | −0.006 (−0.027 to 0.015) | 0.55 |
| Hospital 5 | −0.036 (−0.054 to −0.017) | 0.001 | 0.139 (−0.012 to 0.290) | 0.07 | 0.042 (0.020 to 0.064) | 0.001 |
| Hospital 6 | 0.011 (0.002 to 0.019) | 0.01 | 0.046 (−0.049 to 0.142) | 0.32 | −0.023 (−0.036 to −0.011) | 0.001 |
| Hospital 7 | Not available | |||||
| Hospital 8 | 0.003 (−0.011 to 0.018) | 0.62 | 0.178 (−0.029 to 0.385) | 0.09 | −0.021 (−0.043 to 0.002) | 0.08 |
| All hospitals combined | −0.005 (−0.009 to −0.001) | 0.02 | 0.050 (0.008 to 0.092) | 0.02 | 0.001 (−0.004 to 0.006) | 0.57 |
| Incidence of CRE from surveillance cultures | ||||||
| Hospital 1 | 0.011 (−0.016 to 0.037) | 0.43 | 0.265 (−0.537 to 1.067) | 0.50 | −0.027 (−0.124 to 0.069) | 0.56 |
| Hospital 2 | −0.0003 (−0.008 to 0.008) | 0.94 | 0.191 (0.076 to 0.306) | 0.002 | −0.018 (−0.033 to −0.003) | 0.02 |
| Hospital 3 | 0.009 (−0.057 to0.076) | 0.77 | −0.362 (−1.053 to 0.329) | 0.29 | 0.010 (−0.067 to 0.088) | 0.78 |
| Hospital 4 | 0.008 (−0.007 to 0.023) | 0.29 | 0.039 (−0.130 to 0.208) | 0.64 | −0.032 (−0.051 to −0.014) | 0.002 |
| Hospital 5 | 0.0005 (−0.016 to 0.017) | 0.96 | −0.416 (−0.676 to −0.156) | 0.003 | 0.022 (−0.008 to 0.053) | 0.15 |
| Hospital 6 | 0.093 (0.046 to 0.139) | <0.001 | −0.660 (−1.590 to 0.269) | 0.16 | −0.123 (−0.238 to −0.009) | 0.04 |
| Hospital 7 | Not available | |||||
| Hospital 8 | 0.001 (−0.013 to 0.014) | 0.89 | 0.077 (−0.080 to 0.234) | 0.32 | 0.030 (0.012 to 0.048) | 0.002 |
| All hospitals combined | 0.023 (0.011 to 0.035) | 0.001 | −0.178 (−0.347 to −0.010) | 0.04 | −0.026 (−0.043 to −0.009) | 0.004 |
| Incidence of CRE from combined clinical and surveillance cultures | ||||||
| Hospital 1 | 0.009 (−0.024 to 0.042) | 0.58 | 0.183 (−0.645 to 1.011) | 0.65 | −0.024 (−0.127 to 0.078) | 0.63 |
| Hospital 2 | 0.005 (−0.002 to 0.013) | 0.16 | 0.114 (−0.009 to 0.237) | 0.07 | −0.022 (−0.038 to −0.006) | 0.01 |
| Hospital 3 | 0.005 (−0.069 to 0.078) | 0.90 | −0.348 (−1.074 to 0.377) | 0.33 | 0.011 (−0.073 to 0.096) | 0.79 |
| Hospital 4 | 0.008 (−0.007 to 0.024) | 0.29 | 0.047 (−0.139 to 0.233) | 0.61 | −0.036 (−0.055 to −0.016) | 0.001 |
| Hospital 5 | −0.014 (−0.044 to 0.016) | 0.35 | −0.351 (−0.591 to −0.110) | 0.01 | 0.039 (−0.005 to 0.083) | 0.08 |
| Hospital 6 | 0.093 (0.038 to 0.148) | 0.002 | −0.620 (−1.55 to 0.314) | 0.18 | −0.131 (−0.254 to −0.008) | 0.04 |
| Hospital 7 | 0.013 (−0.012 to −0.038) | 0.28 | 0.404 (−0.036 to 0.844) | 0.07 | −0.072 (−0.125 to −0.019) | 0.01 |
| Hospital 8 | 0.004 (−0.016 to 0.025) | 0.67 | 0.255 (0.018 to 0.491) | 0.04 | 0.010 (−0.014 to 0.034) | 0.41 |
| All hospitals combined | 0.019 (0.007 to 0.031) | 0.003 | −0.146 (−0.308 to 0.016) | 0.076 | −0.028 (−0.044 to −0.012) | 0.001 |
Note. CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.