Table 1.
Summary of study characteristics
| Cancer survivors (N=946) |
Matched cohort (N=1,857) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall N (col%) |
No LMM N (row%) |
With LMM N (row%) |
Overall N (col%) |
No LMM N (row%) |
With LMM N (row%) |
|
| Age (year) | ||||||
| <50 | 227 (24.0) | 199 (87.7) | 28 (12.3) | 454 (24.5) | 404 (89.0) | 50 (11.0) |
| 50-64 | 312 (33.0) | 254 (81.4) | 58 (18.6) | 624 (33.6) | 531 (85.1) | 93 (14.9) |
| 65-74 | 209 (22.1) | 166 (79.4) | 43 (20.6) | 411 (22.1) | 319 (77.6) | 92 (22.4) |
| ≥75 | 198 (20.9) | 117 (59.1) | 81 (40.9) | 368 (19.8) | 238 (64.7) | 130 (35.3) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 540 (57.1) | 433 (80.2) | 107 (19.8) | 1062 (57.2) | 892 (84.0) | 170 (16.0) |
| Male | 406 (42.9) | 303 (74.6) | 103 (25.4) | 795 (42.8) | 600 (75.5) | 195 (24.5) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 685 (72.4) | 515 (75.2) | 170 (24.8) | 1337 (72.0) | 1043 (78.0) | 294 (22.0) |
| Black | 122 (12.9) | 108 (88.5) | 14 (11.5) | 242 (13.0) | 223 (92.2) | 19 (7.9) |
| Other | 139 (14.7) | 113 (81.3) | 26 (18.7) | 278 (15.0) | 226 (81.3) | 52 (18.7) |
| Education | ||||||
| High school or less | 437 (46.2) | 334 (76.4) | 103 (23.6) | 958 (51.6) | 757 (79.0) | 201 (21.0) |
| Attended college | 263 (27.8) | 205 (78.0) | 58 (22.1) | 468 (25.2) | 386 (82.5) | 82 (17.5) |
| Graduated from college | 246 (26.0) | 197 (80.1) | 49 (19.9) | 431 (23.2) | 349 (81.0) | 82 (19.0) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Not married | 326 (34.5) | 252 (77.3) | 74 (22.7) | 647 (34.8) | 503 (77.7) | 144 (22.3) |
| Married or living with partner | 620 (65.5) | 484 (78.1) | 136 (21.9) | 1210 (65.2) | 989 (81.7) | 221 (18.3) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 404 (42.7) | 327 (80.9) | 77 (19.1) | 923 (49.7) | 770 (83.4) | 153 (16.6) |
| Current | 190 (20.1) | 144 (75.8) | 46 (24.2) | 330 (17.8) | 245 (74.2) | 85 (25.8) |
| Former | 352 (37.2) | 265 (75.3) | 87 (24.7) | 604 (32.5) | 477 (79.0) | 127 (21.0) |
| RFM * | ||||||
| Low | 145 (15.3) | 69 (47.6) | 76 (52.4) | 275 (14.8) | 135 (49.1) | 140 (50.9) |
| Moderate | 289 (30.6) | 204 (70.6) | 85 (29.4) | 560 (30.2) | 416 (74.3) | 144 (25.7) |
| High | 512 (54.1) | 463 (90.4) | 49 (9.6) | 1,022 (55.0) | 941 (92.1) | 81 (7.9) |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | ||||||
| <1,364.0 | 236 (25.0) | 169 (71.6) | 67 (28.4) | 488 (26.3) | 389 (79.7) | 99 (20.3) |
| 1,364.0-1,790.2 | 237 (25.0) | 176 (74.3) | 61 (25.7) | 465 (25.0) | 374 (80.4) | 91 (19.6) |
| 1,790.3-2,339.9 | 236 (25.0) | 190 (80.5) | 46 (19.5) | 501 (27.0) | 393 (78.4) | 108 (21.6) |
| ≥2,340.0 | 237 (25.0) | 201 (84.8) | 36 (15.2) | 403 (21.7) | 336 (83.4) | 67 (16.6) |
| Regular exercise | ||||||
| No | 403 (42.6) | 302 (74.9) | 101 (25.1) | 812 (43.7) | 640 (78.8) | 172 (21.2) |
| Yes | 543 (57.4) | 434 (79.9) | 109 (20.1) | 1,045 (56.3) | 852 (81.5) | 193 (18.5) |
| No. comorbidities | ||||||
| 0 | 417 (44.1) | 317 (76.0) | 100 (24.0) | 963 (51.9) | 765 (79.4) | 198 (20.6) |
| 1 | 318 (33.6) | 257 (80.8) | 61 (19.2) | 580 (31.2) | 478 (82.4) | 102 (17.6) |
| ≥2 | 211 (22.3) | 162 (76.8) | 49 (23.2) | 314 (16.9) | 249 (79.3) | 65 (20.7) |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||||
| No | 911 (96.3) | 710 (77.9) | 201 (22.1) | 1804 (97.2) | 1454 (80.6) | 350 (19.4) |
| Yes | 35 (3.7) | 26 (74.3) | 9 (25.7) | 53 (2.9) | 38 (71.7) | 15 (28.3) |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 507 (53.6) | 386 (76.1) | 121 (23.9) | 1114 (60.0) | 877 (78.7) | 237 (21.3) |
| Yes | 439 (46.4) | 350 (79.7) | 89 (20.3) | 743 (40.0) | 615 (82.8) | 128 (17.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| No | 795 (84.0) | 611 (76.9) | 184 (23.1) | 1639 (88.3) | 1311 (80.0) | 328 (20.0) |
| Yes | 151 (16.0) | 125 (82.8) | 26 (17.2) | 218 (11.7) | 181 (83.0) | 37 (17.0) |
| Heart attack | ||||||
| No | 877 (92.7) | 685 (78.1) | 192 (21.9) | 1759 (94.7) | 1419 (80.7) | 340 (19.3) |
| Yes | 69 (7.3) | 51 (73.9) | 18 (26.1) | 98 (5.3) | 73 (74.5) | 25 (25.5) |
| Stroke | ||||||
| No | 891 (94.2) | 698 (78.3) | 193 (21.7) | 1774 (95.5) | 1429 (80.6) | 345 (19.5) |
| Yes | 55 (5.8) | 38 (69.1) | 17 (30.9) | 83 (4.5) | 63 (75.9) | 20 (24.1) |
| Coronary heart disease | ||||||
| No | 871 (92.1) | 681 (78.2) | 190 (21.8) | 1745 (94.0) | 1404 (80.5) | 341 (19.5) |
| Yes | 75 (7.9) | 55 (73.3) | 20 (26.7) | 112 (6.0) | 88 (78.6) | 24 (21.4) |
| Congestive heart failure | ||||||
| No | 900 (95.1) | 701 (77.9) | 199 (22.1) | 1795 (96.7) | 1446 (80.6) | 349 (19.4) |
| Yes | 46 (4.9) | 35 (76.1) | 11 (23.9) | 62 (3.3) | 46 (74.2) | 16 (25.8) |
| History of more than 1 cancer | ||||||
| No | 860 (90.9) | 676 (78.6) | 184 (21.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Yes | 86 (9.1) | 60 (69.8) | 26 (30.2) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Time elapsed since cancer diagnosis (year) | ||||||
| 1-4 | 310 (32.8) | 245 (79.0) | 65 (21.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 5-9 | 234 (24.7) | 184 (78.6) | 50 (21.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| ≥10 | 402 (42.5) | 307 (76.4) | 95 (23.6) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Cancer type | ||||||
| Breast | 134 (14.2) | 103 (76.9) | 31 (23.1) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Prostate | 119 (12.6) | 84 (70.6) | 35 (29.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Colorectal | 55 (5.8) | 42 (76.4) | 13 (23.6) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Melanoma | 57 (6.0) | 47 (82.5) | 10 (17.5) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other | 581 (61.4) | 460 (79.2) | 121 (20.8) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviation: RFM: relative fat mass
*
Cutoffs of relative fat mass were as follows—low: female: <35%, male: <25%; moderate: female: 35–39.9%, male: 25–29.9%; high: female: ≥40%, male: ≥30%.