Table 3.
Association between LMM and risk of mortality in subgroups of cancer survivors and matched cohort
| Cancer survivors (N=946) |
Matched cohort (N=1,857) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. death/Total (%) | aHR (95% CI)† | p-interaction | No. death/Total (%) | aHR (95% CI)† | p-interaction | |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <65 | 71/539 (13.2) | 2.28 (1.27, 4.10) | 0.17 | 77/1,078 (7.1) | 1.19 (0.60, 2.33) | 0.31 |
| ≥65 | 250/407 (61.4) | 1.79 (1.36, 2.37) | 418/779 (53.7) | 1.70 (1.35, 2.15) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 142/540 (26.3) | 1.20 (0.79, 1.81) | 0.06 | 193/1,062 (18.2) | 1.20 (0.82, 1.73) | 0.63 |
| Male | 179/406 (44.1) | 1.89 (1.35, 2.64) | 302/795 (38.0) | 1.32 (1.00, 1.75) | ||
| RFM * | ||||||
| Low and moderate | 156/434 (35.9) | 2.19 (1.54, 3.12) | 0.02 | 212/835 (25.4) | 1.18 (0.88, 1.59) | 0.08 |
| High | 165/512 (32.2) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.56) | 283/1,022 (27.7) | 1.38 (1.00, 1.91) | ||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | ||||||
| <1790.3 | 197/473 (41.7) | 1.47 (1.08, 2.01) | 0.41 | 291/953 (30.5) | 1.22 (0.91, 1.64) | 0.61 |
| ≥1790.3 | 124/473 (26.2) | 1.46 (0.94, 2.26) | 204/904 (22.6) | 1.28 (0.91, 1.80) | ||
| Comorbidity burden | ||||||
| 0 | 90/417 (21.6) | 1.34 (0.81, 2.24) | 0.55 | 167/963 (17.3) | 1.27 (0.87, 1.85) | 0.65 |
| 1-7 | 231/529 (43.7) | 1.64 (1.21, 2.22) | 328/894 (36.7) | 1.35 (1.03, 1.79) | ||
| Survival time (year) | ||||||
| 1-6 | 149/441 (33.8) | 1.28 (0.86, 1.90) | 0.52 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| ≥7 | 172/505 (34.1) | 1.63 (1.16, 2.29) | N/A | N/A | ||
| CVD-specific mortality | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <65 | 7/539 (1.3) | 1.13 (0.10, 12.99) | 0.52 | 17/1,078 (1.6) | 1.62 (0.33, 7.92) | 0.89 |
| ≥65 | 51/407 (12.5) | 2.71 (1.46, 5.04) | 105/779 (13.5) | 1.74 (1.10, 2.75) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 21/540 (3.9) | 4.17 (1.40, 12.42) | 0.50 | 43/1,062 (4.1) | 1.23 (0.56, 2.67) | 0.42 |
| Male | 37/406 (9.1) | 1.35 (0.63, 2.90) | 79/795 (9.9) | 1.41 (0.82, 2.42) | ||
| RFM * | ||||||
| Low and moderate | 22/434 (5.1) | 1.93 (0.72, 5.19) | 0.80 | 47/835 (5.6) | 1.42 (0.75, 2.67) | 1.00 |
| High | 36/512 (7.0) | 2.25 (1.02, 4.97) | 75/1,022 (7.3) | 1.25 (0.66, 2.35) | ||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | ||||||
| <1790.3 | 31/473 (6.6) | 1.68 (0.76, 3.73) | 0.73 | 70/953 (7.4) | 1.24 (0.69, 2.21) | 0.57 |
| ≥1790.3 | 27/473 (5.7) | 1.85 (0.71, 4.77) | 52/904 (5.8) | 1.73 (0.87, 3.43) | ||
| Comorbidity burden | ||||||
| 0 | 12/417 (2.9) | 1.16 (0.28, 4.82) | 0.39 | 32/963 (3.3) | 1.77 (0.76, 4.10) | 0.54 |
| 1-7 | 46/529 (8.7) | 2.12 (1.07, 4.17) | 90/894 (10.1) | 1.29 (0.76, 2.20) | ||
| Survival time (year) | ||||||
| 1-6 | 27/441 (6.1) | 2.17 (0.87, 5.37) | 0.34 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| ≥7 | 31/505 (6.1) | 1.72 (0.75, 3.98) | N/A | N/A | ||
Abbreviations: aHR: adjusted hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, RFM: relative fat mass
*
Cutoffs of relative fat mass were as follows—low: female: <35%, male: <25%; moderate: female: 35–39.9%, male: 25–29.9%; high: female: ≥40%, male: ≥30%.
†
The model treated LMM as the exposure of interest and adjusted for age, sex, race, education, marital status, smoking status, relative fat mass, energy intake, physical exercise, burden of comorbidities, history of more than 1 cancer (for survivors), and time elapsed since cancer diagnosis (for survivors). In each set of subgroup, factors used for stratification were not included in the multivariable model.