Table 1.
Baseline parameters of patients with a major in-hospital complication after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, right atrial isthmus dependent atrial flutter, or ventricular tachycardias
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Atrial fibrillation | Atrial flutter | Ventricular tachycardia | P-value | |
| Number of complications | 594 (1.38)a | 325 (1.07) | 95 (1.01) | 175 (5.29) | |
| Overall number of ablation procedures | 43 031 | 30 361 | 9364 | 3306 | |
| Age [years; (IQR)] | 69.0 [60.0;73.0] | 69.0 [60.8;73.0] | 67.0 [57.0;73.0] | 69.0 [62.0;74.0] | 0.67 |
| Sex (male; %) | 362 (61.0) | 170 (52.3) | 64 (67.4) | 128 (73.1) | <0.01 |
| Height [m; (IQR)] | 1.8 [1.7;1.8] | 1.7 [1.7;1.8] | 1.8 [1.7;1.9] | 1.8 [1.7;1.8] | <0.01 |
| Weight [kg; (IQR)] | 83.0 [72.0;95.0] | 82.5 [72.0;93.0] | 79.5 [68.0;93.2] | 85.0 [74.5;100.0] | 0.07 |
| BMI [kg/m2; (IQR)] | 26.8 [24.3;30.8] | 27.1 [24.4;30.8] | 25.9 [23.6;28.6] | 27.1 [24.7;31.3] | 0.05 |
| Hypertension (%) | 396 (62.1) | 218 (67.1) | 66 (69.5) | 112 (64.0) | 0.78 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 102 (17.2) | 36 (11.1) | 20 (21.1) | 46 (26.3) | <0.01 |
| Stroke (%) | 58 (9.8) | 34 (10.5) | 7 (7.4) | 17 (9.7) | 0.66 |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD; %) | 132 (22.2) | 16 (4.9) | 11 (11.6) | 105 (60.0) | <0.01 |
| Nicotine abuse (%) | 72 (12.1) | 27 (8.3) | 16 (16.8) | 29 (16.6) | 0.02 |
| Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM; %) | 93 (15.7) | 22 (6.8) | 17 (17.9) | 54 (30.9) | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; %) | 118 (19.9) | 14 (4.3) | 27 (28.4) | 77 (44.0) | <0.01 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 124 (20.9) | 51 (15.7) | 15 (15.8) | 58 (33.1) | <0.01 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 41 (6.9) | 16 (4.9) | 7 (7.4) | 18 (10.2) | 0.28 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 53 (8.9) | 20 (6.2) | 7 (7.4) | 26 (14.8) | <0.01 |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea (%) | 40 (6.4) | 18 (5.5) | 7 (7.4) | 15 (8.6) | 0.65 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score [(IQR)] | 3.0 [2.0;4.0] | 2.0 [1.0;4.0] | 3.0 [2.0;4.0] | 3.0 [2.0;4.0] | <0.01 |
| LVEF (% ± SD) | 50.7 ± 14.5 | 55.9 ± 10.0 | 52.7 ± 15.5 | 49.7 ± 15.0 | <0.01 |
| Peri-procedural medication | |||||
| ACE inhibitors (%) | 316 (53.2) | 160 (49.2) | 37 (39.0) | 119 (68.0) | <0.01 |
| Beta-blocker (%) | 421 (70.9) | 247 (76.0) | 42 (44.2) | 132 (75.4) | <0.01 |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (%) | 189 (31.8) | 82 (25.2) | 29 (30.5) | 78 (44.6) | <0.01 |
| Amiodarone (%) | 164 (27.6) | 78 (24.0) | 18 (19.0) | 68 (38.9) | <0.01 |
| Mexiletine (%) | 5 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.9) | <0.01 |
| Oral anticoagulation (%) | 413 (69.7) | 284 (87.4) | 56 (58.9) | 73 (41.7) | <0.01 |
| Type of oral anticoagulation | |||||
| Phenprocoumon (%) | 207 (34.8) | 136 (41.9) | 28 (29.5) | 43 (24.6) | 0.20 |
| Apixaban (%) | 95 (16.0) | 60 (18.5) | 13 (13.7) | 22 (12.6) | 0.65 |
| Dabigatran (%) | 16 (2.7) | 13 (4.0) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 0.31 |
| Rivaroxaban (%) | 80 (13.5) | 62 (19.1) | 12 (12.6) | 6 (3.4) | 0.11 |
| Edoxaban (%) | 15 (2.5) | 13 (4) | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.27 |
m, metre; kg, kilograms; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
aOne patient who died had an ablation for VT and AFL during the same hospital stay. Thus, the overall number differs from the sum by one patient.