Table 2a.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of recruits in the RCTs analyzed in this review.
| Study | mITT | median age (range) | total female n(%) | White n(%) | Black n(%) | Hispanic n(%) | 1 or more medical high risk conditons for COVID-19 progession | diabetes n(%) | hypertension n(%) | obesity or BMI >30 n(%) | median duration symptoms | Seropositive at baseline n(%) | Hospital type | Endpoint days for hosp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCP (5 RCTs) totals or averages | 2634 | 58 | 1409 (53) | 2213 (84) | 266 (10) | 862 (33) | 2074 (79) | 326 (15) | 606 (33) | 854 (38) | 4.5 | 73 (9) | ||
| anti-Spike mAbs (8 RCTs) totals or averages | 7421 | 47 | 3944 (53) | 6214 (84) | 455 (6) | 3113 (42) | 6562 (88) | 1067 (14) | 1249 (17) | 3197 (43) | 3.5 | 1087 (15) | ||
| Small molecule antivirals (11 RCTs) totals or averages | 33148 | 45.4 | 18116 (55) | 28726 (87) | 399 (1) | 2458 (7) | 22400 (68) | 3150 (10) | 6954 (21) | 6271 (19) | 4 | 25710 (77) {710/8148=9%w/o-Mol-Pan.) | ||
| Repurposed drugs (27 RCTs) totals or averages | 16840 | 48 | 9595 (57) | 14752 (89) | 815 (5) | 4212 (32) | 8669 (88) | 2174 (13) | 4318 (27) | 6615 (46) | 5.1 | 2303 (51) | ||
| CCP-CONV-ert7 | 376 | 56 | 173 (46) | 0 | 0 | 376 (100) | 278 (74) | 49 (13) | not reported | 96 (26) | 4.4 | 43 (11) | All cause | 28–30 |
| CCP-COV-Early13 | 406 | 58 | 187 (46) | 406 (100) | 0 | 0 | 278 (68) | not reported | not reported | not reported | 5 (iqr4–6) | 30 (8) | All cause | 28–30 |
| CCP-C3PO4 | 511 | 54 | 274 (54) | 237 (46) | 103 (20) | 156 (31) | 511 (100) | 142 (28) | 216 (42) | 302 (59) | 4 | not reported | All cause | 15 |
| CCP-Argentina5 | 160 | 77 (65–90+) | 100 (62) | 0 | 0 | 160 (100) | 131 (82) | 36 (23) | 114 (71) | 12 (8) | 3 | not reported | hypoxia resp rate def | 28–30 |
| CCP-CSSC-0043 | 1181 | 43 (18–85) | 675 (57) | 934 (79) | 163 (14) | 170 (14) | 470 (40) | 99 (8) | 276 (23) | 444 (38) | 6 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Bamlanivimab-BLAZE-114 | 452 | 45 (18–86) | 249 (55) | 389 (86) | 29 (6) | 198 (44) | 310 (69) | not reported | 201 (44) | 4 | not reported | COVID-19 related + ED visit | 28–30 | |
| Sotrovimab-COMET-ICE8 | 1057 | 53(17–96) | 571 (54) | 919 (87) | 42 (4) | 687 (65) | 1055 (99.9) | 233 (23) | not reported | 665 (63) | 3 | not reported | All cause | 28–30 |
| Bamlanivimab/etesevimab-BLAZE-115 | 1035 | 54 (12–77+) | 538 (52) | 896 (87) | 83 (8) | 304 (29) | 983 (95) | 285 (28) | not reported | median 34 bmi | 4 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Casirivimab/imdevimab-REGEN-COV Ph 316 | 2696 | 50 (iqr 39–50) | 1407 (52) | 2297 (85) | 143 (5) | 935 (35) | 2696 (100) | 412 (15) | 993 (37) | 1559 (58) | 3 | 620 (23) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Casirivimab/imdevimab-REGEN-COV Ph 1/217 | 799 | 42 (iqr 31–52) | 423 (53) | 681 (85) | 74 (9) | 403 (50) | 483 (61) | 298 (37) | 3 | 304 (38) | All cause | 28–30 | ||
| Bebtelovimab-BLAZE-41 | 253 | 34 | 135 (53) | 187 (74) | 48 (19) | 91 (36) | 0 (0) | not reported | not reported | 3 | 27 (11) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 | |
| Regdanvimab-CT-P5918 | 307 | 51 (iqr40–60) | 166 (51) | 286 (87) | 0 | 27 (8) | 226 (69) | 29 (9) | not reported | 52 (16) | 3 | 9 (3) | All cause | 28–30 |
| Regdanvimab-CT-P59–219 |
1315 | 48 (iqr38–59) | 641 (49) | 1132 (86) | 7 (1) | 276 (21) | 880 (67) | 120 (9) | 443 (34) | 415 (32) | 4 | 148 (11) | All cause | 28 |
| Tixagevimab–cilgavimab-TACKLE20 | 822 | 46 (sd 15.2) | 455 (50) | 559 (62) | 36 (4) | 468 (52) | 809 (90) | 108 (12) | 256 (28) | 388 (43) | 5 | 127 (14) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Molnupiravir-MOVe-OUT21 | 1408 | 43 (18–90) | 735 (51.3) | 813 (56) | 75 (5) | 711 (49) | 1424 (99.4) | 228 (15.9)% | not reported | 1056(73) | 3 | 620 (23) | All cause | 28–30 |
| Molnupiravir-PANORAMIC22 | 25000 | 57 (18–99) | 15101 (59) | 24270 (94) | 155 (0.6) | 17759 (69) | 2195 (9)% | 5782 (22) | 3912 (15)% | 3 | 25333 (98) 2+ doses of vaccine | All cause | 28–30 | |
| Molnupiravir-Aurobindo23 | 1220 | 36 (18–60) | 468 (38) | 1220 (100) | 0 | 0 | 90 (7.3) | 3 | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | |||
| Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir-EPIC-HR9 | 2085 | 46 (18–88) | 1098 (49) | 1607 (72) | 110 (4.9) | 1010 (45) | 2085 (100) | 252 (11) | 739 (33) | 744 (36) | 3 | 27 (11) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Remdesivir-PINETREE12 | 562 | 50 (12–77+) | 269 (48) | 452 (80) | 42 (7.5) | 235 (41) | 562 (100) | 346 (62) | 268 (48) | 310 (55) | 5 | 9 (3) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Interferon Lambda-TOGETHER24 | 1949 | 43 (18–92) | 1113 (57) | 58 (3) | 28 (1) | 1853 (95) | 1124 (58) | 181 (9) | 581 (30) | 719 (37) | 3 | 1107 (58) FV | COVID-19 related | 28 |
| Interferon Lambda-ILIAD25 | 60 | 46 (iqr32–54) | 35 (60) | 31 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 5 | 5/51 (10) | COVID-19 related | 14 | |||
| Interferon Lambda-COVID-Lambda26 | 120 | 36 (18–71) | 50 (42) | 33 (28) | 74 (63) | 12 (10) | 14 (12) | 5 (iqr3–6) | 49 (41) | All cause | 28–30 | |||
| Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir-SOVODAK27 | 55 | <50 | 29 (53) | 55 (100) | not reported | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | ||||||
| Favipavir-Avi-Mild-1928 | 231 | 37 (iqr32–44) | 76 (33) | 231 (100) | 0 | 0 | 25 (11) | 14 (6) | 39 (17) | 3 | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | |
| Favipiravir-Iran29 | 77 | 41 | 34 | 77 (100) | 0 | 0 | 11 (14) | nr | nr | nr | 4 | All cause | 28 | |
| Favipiravir-FLARE30 | 119 | 40 | 56 (47) | 98 (82) | 17 (14) | 20 (17) | nr | 74 (62) | All cause | 28 | ||||
| Favipiravir/Lopinavir/Ritonavir-FLARE30 | 121 | 40 | 59 (49) | 99 (82) | 19 (16) | 20 (17) | nr | 77 (64) | All cause | 28 | ||||
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir-FLARE30 | 120 | 40 | 60 (50) | 98 (82) | 16 (13) | 20 (17) | nr | 74 (62) | All cause | 28 | ||||
| Lopinavir/ritonavir-TREAT NOW31 | 446 | 41 (19–75) | 261 (59) | 354 (79) | 35 (8) | 33 (7) | 347 (78) | 17 (4) | 77 (17) | 149 (35) | 4 | 93 (21) | All cause | 29 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir-TOGETHER32 | 471 | 53 (IQR 18–94) | 255 (54) | 14 (3) | 11 (2) | 428 (91) | 471 (100) | 92 (20) | 137 (29) | 198 (42) | 6 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 90 |
| Tenofovir Disproxil Fumarate Plus Emtricitabine-AR0-CORONA33 |
60 | 42 | 34 (57) | 2 | 3 | 4 | All cause | 14 | ||||||
| Metformin-COVID-OUT34 | 1197 | 46 (iqr 37–55) | 741 (56) | 1091 (82) | 90 (7) | 26 (2) | 353 (27) cvd | 646 (49) | 5 | 690 (52fv) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 | ||
| Metformin-TOGETHER35 |
418 | 52 (18–90) | 239 (57) | 8 (2) | 6 (1) | 381 (91) | 418 (100) | 61 (15) | 167 (40) | 188 (45) | 3 | All cause | 28–30 | |
| Fluvoxamine-TOGETHER11 | 1497 | <50 | 862 (58) | 1486 (99) | 5 (1) | 1486 (99) | 1497 (100) | 243 (16) | 194 (13) | 751 (50) | 4 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Fluvoxamine-STOP COVID36 | 152 | 46 | 109 (72) | 106 (70) | 38 (25) | 5 (3) | 17 (11) | 30 (20) | 75 (49) | 4 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 15 (2 noncovid after day 15 to day 28 | |
| Fluvoxamine-COVID-OUT34 | 592 | 44 (iqr37–53) | 358 (54) | 539 (82) | 51 (8) | 7 (1) | 172 (26) cvd | 302 (46) | 5 | 373 (56fv) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 | ||
| Fluvoxamine ACTIV-637 | 1288 | 48 (iqr39–58) | 734 (57) | 1038 (81) | 96 (7) | 221 (17) | 115 (9) | 304 (24) | 469 (36) | 5 | 861 (67) | All cause | 28 | |
| Fluvoxamine/budesonide-TOGETHER38 | 1476 | 51 (18–102) | 898 (61) | 36 (2) | 20 (1) | 1419 (96) | 1476 (100) | 278 (19) | 656 (44) | 597 (42) | 3 | 1377 (94) | All cause | 28–30 |
| Ivermectin-TOGETHER39 | 1349 | 49 | 791 (58) | 1310 (98) | 12 (1) | 1310 (98) | 1349 (100) | 180 (13) | 114 (8) | 675 (50) | 4 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Ivermectin-COVID-OUT34 | 730 | 46 (iqr37–56) | 442 (55) | 662 (82) | 59 (7) | 13 (2) | 184 (23) cvd | 383 (47) | 5 | 449 (56fv) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 | ||
| Ivermectin Iran40 | 549 | 35 (5–87) | 294 (48) | 582 (100) | 0 | 0 | 112 (20) | 42 (7.3) | 46 (7.8) | 101 (21) | 3 | not reported | All cause | not stated |
| Ivermectin-ACTIV-641 | 1591 | 47 (iqr39–56) | 932 (59) | 1286 (81) | 113(7) | 163 (10) | 184 | 415 | 648 | 6 | 753 (fv47) | All cause | 28–30 | |
| Ivermectin high dose-ACTIV-642 |
1206 | 48 (iqr38–58) | 713 (59) | 909 (75) | 93 (8) | 160 13) | 109 (9) | 317 (27) | 259 (21) | 5 | 1008 (84) | All cause | 28 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine-TOGETHER32 | 441 | 53 (IQR 18–81) | 243 (55) | 422 (96) | 7 (1) | 422 (96) | 441 (100) | 89 (20) | 210 (48) | 177 (40) | 6 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 90 |
| Hydroxychloroquine-COVID-19 PEP43 | 423 | 40 (iqr 32–50) | 238 (56) | 235 (48) | 15 (3) | 28 (6) | 15 (3) | 46 (11) | 2 | not reported | All cause | 14 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine-AH COVID-1944 | 148 | 47 | 66 (45) | 51 | 12 | 29 | 41 | 7 (iqr5–8) | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine-BCN PEP-CoV-245 | 293 | 42 (12 sd) | 201 (69) | 156 (53) | 20 (7) | 3 (iqr 2–4) | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | |||||
| Hydroxychloroquine-BMG46 | 231 | 37 (18–78) | 131 (57) | 117 (51) | 26 (11) | 71 (31) | 129 (56) | 17 (7) | 27 (12) | 98 (42) | 6 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Hydroxychloroquine-Utah47 | 303 | 42 | 176 (48) | 165 (45) | 2 (1) | 158 (43) | 90 (25) | 28 (8) | 52 914) | nr | nr | All cause | 28 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin-Brazil48 | 84 | 37 | 34 | 44 | 5 | 79 | nr | nr | nr | 4 | nr | All cause | 21 | |
| Nitazoxanide-Romark49 | 379 | 40 (12–83) | 214 (57) | 233 (61) | 8 (2) | 130 (34) | 238 (63%) | 2 | 38 (10) | COVID-19 related | 28–30 | |||
| Colchicine-COLCORONA2 | 4488 | 54 (iqr 47–61) | 2421 (54) | 4182 (93) | 233 (5) | <10% | 4488 (100) | 894 (20) | 1629 (36) | 2052 (46) | 5.3 | not reported | COVID-19 related | 28–30 |
| Losartan-MN50 |
117 | 38 | 58 | 84 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 42 | 2 | All cause | 28 | ||
| Niclosamide51 | 67 | 36 mean | 26 (39) | 53 (79) | 4 (6) | 7 (10) | 5 (8) | 4 (7) | not reported | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | ||
| Aspirin-ACTIV-4B52 | 280 | 54 (iqr 46–59) | 191 (58) | 250 (76) | 36 (11) | 93 (28) | 53 (16) | 109 (33) | 164 (50) | 10 (diagnosis) | not reported | All cause | 45 | |
| 2.5-mg apixaban-ACTIV-4B52 | 271 | 54 (iqr 46–59) | 191 (58) | 255 (78) | 38 (12) | 91 (28) | 60 (18) | 120 (37) | 164 (50) | 10 (diagnosis) | not reported | All cause | 45 | |
| 5-mg apixaban ACTIV-4B52 | 279 | 54 (iqr 46–59) | 198 (6 | 251 (77) | 36 (11) | 80 (24) | 55 (17) | 111 (34) | 164 (50) | 10 (diagnosis) | not reported | All cause | 45 | |
| Sulodexide53 | 243 | 55 | 128 (53) | 243 (100) | 243 (100) | 50 (21) | 83 (43) | 3 | not reported | All cause | 21 | |||
| Enoxaparin-ETHIC54 | 219 | 59 (iqr51–66) | 96 (44) | 129 (59) | 5 (2) | 12 (5) | 50/152 (33) | 114/152 (75) | 109 (49) | 5 | not reported | All cause | 21 | |
| Enoxaparin-OVID55 | 572 | 56 (iqr53–62) | 217 (38) | 446 (78) | 3 (1) | 38 (7) | 115 (20) | 3 (dx) | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | |||
| Inhaled Ciclesonide-COVIS56 |
400 | 43 (13–87) | 221 (55) | 345 (86) | 47 (12) | 172 (43) | 30 (8) | 89 (22) | 200 (50) | NR | All cause | 30 | ||
| Inhaled ciclesonide-COVERAGE57 | 217 | 63 (50–86) | 111 (51) | 217 (100) | 0 | 0 | 157 (72) | 33(16) | 89 (41) | 52 (24) | 4 | not reported | All cause | 28–30 |
| Zinc58 | 108 | 43 | 68 | 73 | 28 | 10 | 35 | 54 | nr | nr | All cause | 28 | ||
| Ascorbic acid58 | 98 | 44 | 64 | 70 | 23 | 5 | 22 | 49 | nr | nr | All cause | 28 | ||
| Zinc/Ascorbic acid58 | 108 | 46 | 62 | 71 | 32 | 20 | 41 | 54 | nr | nr | All cause | 28 | ||
| Homeopathy-COVID-Simile59 | 86 | 41 | 56 | 86 (100) | 8 | 21 | 9 | nr | All cause | 27 | ||||
| Saliravira60 | 143 | 50 (24–80) | 59 (41) | 143 (100) | 33 (23) | not reported | not reported | All cause | 23 | |||||
| Azithromycin-Atomic261 | 292 | 46 | 143 (49) | 201 (68) | 11 (4) | 70 (24) | 25 (9) | 52 (18) | 6 | not reported | All cause | 28–30 | ||
| Azithromycin-ACTION62 | 197 | 43 | 130 (66) | 169 (86) | 9 (5) | 59 (30) | 24 (12) | 26 (13) | 6 | not reported | All cause | 21 | ||
| Resveratrol63 | 100 | 55 (45–84) | 62 (59) | 93 (89) | 4 (4) | 2 (2) | 32 (30) | 10 (10) | 50 (50) | 5 | not reported | All cause | 21 |