Table 2.
Regression Coefficients for Main Models Examining How Blast Exposure and mTBI Associate With White Matter Integrity
| |
|
AD
|
RD
|
MD
|
FA
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE | β | p values | SE | β | p values | SE | β | p values | SE | β | p values | ||
| CC | LBE | 6.5E-06 | –0.14 | 0.106 | 8.0E-06 | 0.03 | 0.687 | 7.1E-06 | –0.02 | 0.845 | 0.0045 | –0.05 | 0.559 |
| HBE | 6.5E-06 | –0.14 | 0.116 | 8.0E-06 | 0.00 | 0.961 | 7.1E-06 | –0.04 | 0.603 | 0.0045 | –0.03 | 0.760 | |
| mTBI | 5.0E-06 | 0.04 | 0.597 | 6.1E-06 | 0.09 | 0.192 | 5.4E-06 | 0.08 | 0.253 | 0.0034 | –0.05 | 0.441 | |
| CC1 | LBE | 9.4E-06 | –0.11 | 0.216 | 9.7E-06 | 0.00 | 0.968 | 8.8E-06 | –0.03 | 0.679 | 0.0073 | 0.03 | 0.730 |
| HBE | 9.4E-06 | –0.08 | 0.343 | 9.7E-06 | –0.01 | 0.896 | 8.8E-06 | –0.04 | 0.663 | 0.0073 | 0.05 | 0.546 | |
| mTBI | 7.2E-06 | –0.03 | 0.666 | 7.4E-06 | 0.04 | 0.569 | 6.7E-06 | 0.02 | 0.791 | 0.0056 | –0.01 | 0.899 | |
| CC2 | LBE | 6.8E-06 | –0.17 | 0.041 | 8.5E-06 | –0.05 | 0.572 | 7.4E-06 | –0.09 | 0.289 | 0.0053 | 0.03 | 0.699 |
| HBE | 6.8E-06 | –0.15 | 0.098 | 8.5E-06 | –0.05 | 0.585 | 7.4E-06 | –0.08 | 0.354 | 0.0053 | 0.03 | 0.734 | |
| mTBI | 5.2E-06 | –0.02 | 0.748 | 6.5E-06 | 0.04 | 0.497 | 5.6E-06 | 0.03 | 0.673 | 0.0040 | –0.02 | 0.735 | |
| CC7 | LBE | 1.9E-05 | 0.03 | 0.699 | 2.0E-05 | 0.06 | 0.516 | 1.9E-05 | 0.05 | 0.560 | 0.0081 | 0.00 | 0.963 |
| HBE | 1.9E-05 | 0.04 | 0.625 | 2.0E-05 | 0.06 | 0.507 | 1.9E-05 | 0.06 | 0.531 | 0.0081 | –0.01 | 0.901 | |
| mTBI | 1.5E-05 | 0.02 | 0.774 | 1.5E-05 | 0.06 | 0.381 | 1.5E-05 | 0.05 | 0.479 | 0.0062 | –0.05 | 0.471 | |
| CWM L | LBE | 4.6E-06 | –0.12 | 0.154 | 5.0E-06 | –0.07 | 0.403 | 4.7E-06 | –0.09 | 0.283 | 0.0027 | 0.01 | 0.886 |
| HBE | 4.6E-06 | –0.24 | 0.008 | 5.0E-06 | –0.13 | 0.127 | 4.7E-06 | –0.17 | 0.048 | 0.0027 | –0.02 | 0.796 | |
| mTBI | 3.6E-06 | –0.03 | 0.657 | 3.8E-06 | 0.01 | 0.927 | 3.6E-06 | –0.01 | 0.935 | 0.0021 | 0.00 | 0.963 | |
| SLF-III L | LBE | 6.3E-06 | –0.13 | 0.109 | 6.2E-06 | –0.16 | 0.051 | 5.7E-06 | –0.17 | 0.043 | 0.0045 | 0.12 | 0.184 |
| HBE | 6.3E-06 | –0.09 | 0.306 | 6.2E-06 | –0.13 | 0.134 | 5.7E-06 | –0.13 | 0.139 | 0.0045 | 0.10 | 0.258 | |
| mTBI | 4.8E-06 | –0.20 | 0.003 | 4.8E-06 | –0.07 | 0.282 | 4.3E-06 | –0.13 | 0.056 | 0.0035 | –0.01 | 0.833 | |
| AF L | LBE | 5.8E-06 | –0.15 | 0.069 | 4.6E-06 | –0.16 | 0.054 | 4.3E-06 | –0.18 | 0.029 | 0.0039 | 0.07 | 0.393 |
| HBE | 5.8E-06 | –0.15 | 0.077 | 4.6E-06 | –0.19 | 0.029 | 4.3E-06 | –0.20 | 0.019 | 0.0039 | 0.09 | 0.335 | |
| mTBI | 4.4E-06 | –0.21 | 0.002 | 3.5E-06 | –0.07 | 0.319 | 3.3E-06 | –0.14 | 0.033 | 0.0030 | –0.03 | 0.669 | |
| ATR L | LBE | 9.0E-06 | –0.03 | 0.755 | 9.6E-06 | –0.03 | 0.690 | 9.1E-06 | –0.03 | 0.701 | 0.0043 | 0.10 | 0.225 |
| HBE | 9.0E-06 | –0.07 | 0.425 | 9.5E-06 | –0.03 | 0.747 | 9.0E-06 | –0.04 | 0.623 | 0.0042 | 0.04 | 0.646 | |
| mTBI | 6.9E-06 | –0.03 | 0.595 | 7.3E-06 | 0.02 | 0.733 | 6.9E-06 | 0.00 | 0.949 | 0.0033 | –0.05 | 0.460 | |
| CG L | LBE | 7.4E-06 | –0.22 | 0.009 | 8.0E-06 | –0.07 | 0.402 | 7.2E-06 | –0.13 | 0.126 | 0.0050 | –0.05 | 0.580 |
| HBE | 7.4E-06 | –0.14 | 0.096 | 8.0E-06 | 0.00 | 0.958 | 7.1E-06 | –0.05 | 0.540 | 0.0050 | –0.08 | 0.373 | |
| mTBI | 5.6E-06 | –0.24 | 0.000 | 6.1E-06 | –0.08 | 0.216 | 5.5E-06 | –0.15 | 0.029 | 0.0039 | –0.03 | 0.623 | |
| CST L | LBE | 7.0E-06 | –0.15 | 0.094 | 6.5E-06 | –0.19 | 0.031 | 5.8E-06 | –0.20 | 0.022 | 0.0059 | 0.15 | 0.092 |
| HBE | 6.9E-06 | –0.06 | 0.468 | 6.5E-06 | –0.22 | 0.014 | 5.8E-06 | –0.19 | 0.033 | 0.0059 | 0.21 | 0.018 | |
| mTBI | 5.3E-06 | –0.05 | 0.508 | 5.0E-06 | –0.01 | 0.899 | 4.4E-06 | –0.02 | 0.717 | 0.0045 | 0.03 | 0.704 | |
| FX L | LBE | 4.5E-05 | –0.09 | 0.297 | 4.2E-05 | –0.06 | 0.451 | 4.3E-05 | –0.07 | 0.388 | 0.0077 | 0.04 | 0.641 |
| HBE | 4.5E-05 | –0.19 | 0.029 | 4.2E-05 | –0.15 | 0.068 | 4.3E-05 | –0.16 | 0.049 | 0.0077 | 0.09 | 0.283 | |
| mTBI | 3.4E-05 | 0.13 | 0.057 | 3.2E-05 | 0.15 | 0.019 | 3.3E-05 | 0.14 | 0.027 | 0.0059 | –0.15 | 0.017 | |
| IFO L | LBE | 8.9E-06 | 0.06 | 0.512 | 7.8E-06 | –0.04 | 0.614 | 7.7E-06 | –0.01 | 0.932 | 0.0050 | 0.18 | 0.042 |
| HBE | 8.9E-06 | 0.03 | 0.775 | 7.7E-06 | –0.07 | 0.444 | 7.6E-06 | –0.04 | 0.685 | 0.0050 | 0.16 | 0.069 | |
| mTBI | 6.8E-06 | –0.17 | 0.016 | 5.9E-06 | –0.06 | 0.389 | 5.9E-06 | –0.10 | 0.127 | 0.0038 | –0.02 | 0.824 | |
| ILF L | LBE | 1.2E-05 | 0.06 | 0.504 | 9.4E-06 | –0.03 | 0.684 | 9.5E-06 | 0.00 | 0.996 | 0.0058 | 0.15 | 0.077 |
| HBE | 1.2E-05 | 0.09 | 0.318 | 9.4E-06 | –0.05 | 0.590 | 9.5E-06 | 0.00 | 0.957 | 0.0057 | 0.19 | 0.034 | |
| mTBI | 9.0E-06 | –0.15 | 0.033 | 7.2E-06 | –0.04 | 0.599 | 7.3E-06 | –0.08 | 0.221 | 0.0044 | –0.04 | 0.518 | |
| SCP L | LBE | 9.7E-06 | –0.04 | 0.669 | 8.1E-06 | –0.02 | 0.826 | 8.1E-06 | –0.03 | 0.752 | 0.0048 | 0.08 | 0.360 |
| HBE | 9.6E-06 | –0.07 | 0.411 | 8.1E-06 | –0.12 | 0.173 | 8.1E-06 | –0.11 | 0.218 | 0.0048 | 0.18 | 0.040 | |
| mTBI | 7.4E-06 | –0.02 | 0.792 | 6.2E-06 | –0.05 | 0.512 | 6.2E-06 | –0.04 | 0.589 | 0.0037 | 0.07 | 0.292 | |
| UF L | LBE | 6.0E-06 | –0.18 | 0.037 | 6.6E-06 | –0.12 | 0.152 | 5.8E-06 | –0.16 | 0.072 | 0.0052 | 0.09 | 0.300 |
| HBE | 6.0E-06 | –0.21 | 0.018 | 6.6E-06 | –0.08 | 0.364 | 5.8E-06 | –0.13 | 0.134 | 0.0052 | 0.02 | 0.787 | |
| mTBI | 4.6E-06 | –0.05 | 0.443 | 5.1E-06 | –0.02 | 0.767 | 4.5E-06 | –0.03 | 0.626 | 0.0040 | 0.03 | 0.702 | |
| CWM R | LBE | 4.6E-06 | –0.22 | 0.009 | 5.0E-06 | –0.07 | 0.435 | 4.6E-06 | –0.12 | 0.152 | 0.0028 | –0.08 | 0.310 |
| HBE | 4.6E-06 | –0.23 | 0.009 | 5.0E-06 | –0.09 | 0.301 | 4.6E-06 | –0.14 | 0.107 | 0.0028 | –0.08 | 0.336 | |
| mTBI | 3.5E-06 | –0.05 | 0.453 | 3.8E-06 | –0.01 | 0.924 | 3.5E-06 | –0.02 | 0.751 | 0.0021 | 0.00 | 0.983 | |
| SLF-III R | LBE | 6.6E-06 | –-0.22 | 0.007 | 6.3E-06 | –0.14 | 0.103 | 5.8E-06 | –0.18 | 0.028 | 0.0054 | 0.04 | 0.678 |
| HBE | 6.6E-06 | –-0.12 | 0.146 | 6.3E-06 | –0.07 | 0.396 | 5.8E-06 | –0.10 | 0.244 | 0.0054 | 0.03 | 0.768 | |
| mTBI | 5.1E-06 | –-0.17 | 0.009 | 4.8E-06 | –0.06 | 0.404 | 4.4E-06 | –0.11 | 0.108 | 0.0041 | 0.01 | 0.869 | |
| AF R | LBE | 5.9E-06 | –-0.20 | 0.015 | 4.9E-06 | –0.12 | 0.165 | 4.7E-06 | –0.17 | 0.046 | 0.0041 | 0.01 | 0.890 |
| HBE | 5.9E-06 | –-0.15 | 0.070 | 4.9E-06 | –0.10 | 0.242 | 4.7E-06 | –0.14 | 0.114 | 0.0041 | 0.01 | 0.905 | |
| mTBI | 4.5E-06 | –0.25 | 0.000 | 3.7E-06 | –0.08 | 0.259 | 3.6E-06 | –0.16 | 0.016 | 0.0031 | –0.05 | 0.467 | |
| ATR R | LBE | 8.8E-06 | –0.14 | 0.099 | 9.4E-06 | –0.12 | 0.131 | 8.9E-06 | –0.13 | 0.107 | 0.0042 | 0.10 | 0.227 |
| HBE | 8.8E-06 | –0.18 | 0.034 | 9.4E-06 | –0.11 | 0.176 | 8.9E-06 | –0.14 | 0.098 | 0.0042 | 0.03 | 0.736 | |
| mTBI | 6.8E-06 | 0.03 | 0.642 | 7.2E-06 | 0.03 | 0.681 | 6.8E-06 | 0.03 | 0.657 | 0.0032 | 0.03 | 0.613 | |
| CG R | LBE | 6.8E-06 | –0.22 | 0.010 | 7.8E-06 | –0.06 | 0.504 | 6.8E-06 | –0.12 | 0.170 | 0.0052 | –0.05 | 0.550 |
| HBE | 6.8E-06 | –0.08 | 0.342 | 7.8E-06 | 0.01 | 0.951 | 6.8E-06 | –0.02 | 0.786 | 0.0051 | –0.03 | 0.702 | |
| mTBI | 5.2E-06 | –0.17 | 0.012 | 6.0E-06 | –0.05 | 0.461 | 5.2E-06 | –0.09 | 0.159 | 0.0039 | –0.03 | 0.708 | |
| CST R | LBE | 7.9E-06 | –0.12 | 0.172 | 6.8E-06 | –0.12 | 0.169 | 6.4E-06 | –0.13 | 0.127 | 0.0056 | 0.10 | 0.260 |
| HBE | 7.9E-06 | –0.07 | 0.460 | 6.8E-06 | –0.17 | 0.057 | 6.4E-06 | –0.15 | 0.099 | 0.0056 | 0.16 | 0.076 | |
| mTBI | 6.0E-06 | –0.08 | 0.256 | 5.2E-06 | –0.05 | 0.483 | 4.9E-06 | –0.07 | 0.338 | 0.0043 | 0.06 | 0.382 | |
| FX R | LBE | 4.5E-05 | –0.17 | 0.043 | 4.3E-05 | –0.16 | 0.054 | 4.3E-05 | –0.16 | 0.048 | 0.0074 | 0.14 | 0.085 |
| HBE | 4.5E-05 | –0.15 | 0.081 | 4.3E-05 | –0.12 | 0.143 | 4.3E-05 | –0.13 | 0.115 | 0.0074 | 0.09 | 0.300 | |
| mTBI | 3.5E-05 | 0.09 | 0.184 | 3.3E-05 | 0.12 | 0.071 | 3.3E-05 | 0.11 | 0.097 | 0.0057 | –0.13 | 0.048 | |
| IFO R | LBE | 8.2E-06 | 0.00 | 0.980 | 7.5E-06 | 0.01 | 0.950 | 7.2E-06 | 0.00 | 0.958 | 0.0048 | 0.09 | 0.305 |
| HBE | 8.2E-06 | 0.01 | 0.936 | 7.5E-06 | –0.06 | 0.530 | 7.2E-06 | –0.04 | 0.688 | 0.0048 | 0.14 | 0.107 | |
| mTBI | 6.3E-06 | –0.13 | 0.060 | 5.7E-06 | –0.02 | 0.812 | 5.5E-06 | –0.06 | 0.381 | 0.0037 | –0.01 | 0.854 | |
| ILF R | LBE | 1.2E-05 | 0.06 | 0.499 | 8.8E-06 | 0.02 | 0.836 | 9.1E-06 | 0.04 | 0.668 | 0.0057 | 0.11 | 0.189 |
| HBE | 1.2E-05 | 0.16 | 0.077 | 8.8E-06 | 0.05 | 0.558 | 9.1E-06 | 0.10 | 0.249 | 0.0057 | 0.15 | 0.086 | |
| mTBI | 9.1E-06 | –0.14 | 0.046 | 6.8E-06 | –0.06 | 0.362 | 7.0E-06 | –0.10 | 0.145 | 0.0044 | 0.00 | 0.981 | |
| SCP R | LBE | 8.8E-06 | –0.08 | 0.350 | 7.0E-06 | –0.01 | 0.944 | 7.0E-06 | –0.04 | 0.660 | 0.0046 | 0.01 | 0.881 |
| HBE | 8.8E-06 | –0.13 | 0.156 | 6.9E-06 | –0.17 | 0.052 | 7.0E-06 | –0.17 | 0.060 | 0.0046 | 0.16 | 0.059 | |
| mTBI | 6.7E-06 | –0.03 | 0.705 | 5.3E-06 | –0.07 | 0.283 | 5.4E-06 | –0.06 | 0.385 | 0.0035 | 0.10 | 0.141 | |
| UF R | LBE | 6.0E-06 | –0.13 | 0.116 | 6.0E-06 | –0.04 | 0.646 | 5.4E-06 | –0.08 | 0.357 | 0.0049 | 0.04 | 0.611 |
| HBE | 6.0E-06 | –0.20 | 0.023 | 6.0E-06 | –0.06 | 0.499 | 5.4E-06 | –0.12 | 0.179 | 0.0049 | 0.02 | 0.866 | |
| mTBI | 4.6E-06 | –0.12 | 0.089 | 4.6E-06 | –0.03 | 0.690 | 4.2E-06 | –0.06 | 0.355 | 0.0037 | –0.01 | 0.916 | |
Bolded results survived Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons.
AD, axial diffusivity; AF, arcuate fasciculus; ATR, anterior thalamic radiation; CC, corpus callosum; CC1, forceps minor; CC2, genu; CC7, forceps major; CG, cingulum; CST, corticospinal tract; CWM, total cerebral white matter; FA, fractional anisotropy; FX, fornix; HBE, high blast exposure group; IFOF, inferior fronto-occipito fasciculus; ILF, inferior longitudinal fasciculus; L, left; LBE, low blast exposure group; MD, mean diffusivity; smTBI, moderate-severe traumatic brain injury; mTBI, uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury; R, right; RD, radial diffusivity; SCP, superior cerebellar peduncle; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus; UF, uncinate fasciculus.