Figure 1. Cell death-related genes are upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected HAE-ALI.

(A) Analysis of RNA-seq. The volcano plot displays statistical significance (−log₁₀ P value) versus magnitude of change (log₂ fold change) on the differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data between HAE-ALI infected with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI=2) and mock-infected. All data selected at the criteria p < 0.05. Red dots indicate upregulated genes of >2-fold increase, and green dots indicate downregulated genes of >2-fold increase. (B) Data correlation between MOIs. Scatter plot of the fold change on all genes of HAE-ALI infected with SARS-CoV-2 at MOIs of 2 and 0.2, respectively, compared to the mock infected. The correlation R² value is 0.9778. (C) Changes of overlapped genes. VENN plot of the genes related to PCD (Green) with the upregulated genes in the HAE-ALI infected with SARS-CoV-2 at MOIs of 2 (Blue) and 0.2 (Pink). (D) The top 100 upregulated genes related to cell death of the HAE-ALI infected with SARS-CoV-2 at MOI of 2. The y axis shows significance of hit based on the analysis. The bubble diameter indicates the fold change of individual gene enriched in SARS-CoV-2 infected HAE-ALI, compared to unselected controls. Different colors indicate the variety of the cell death pathway category.