Table 3.

Forty-eight-hour Unadjusted personal CO exposures and kitchen CO concentrations measured in all control and intervention homes

Stove type	Statistics	Child	Mother	Kitchen
Intervention	GM§ (95% CI) ppm	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	1.4 (1.3–1.6)	7.3 (6.4–8.2)
	n	154	161	113
OPTIMA FL-I*	GM (95% CI) ppm	1.0 (0.6–1.4)	1.5 (1.1–1.9)	7.2 (6.6–7.8)
	n	93	97	67
OPTIMA FL-II*	GM (95% CI) ppm	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	1.5 (1.1–2.0)	7.4 (6.2–8.9)
	n	61	64	46
Control†	GM (95% CI) ppm	1.1 (0.9–1.2)	1.4 (1.3–1.6)	7.3 (6.4–8.3)
	n	148	154	120
NGO‡	GM (95% CI) ppm	1.1 (0.3–1.9)	1.5 (0.7–2.3)	6.3 (5.3–7.3)
	n	25	25	18
Gas	GM (95% CI) ppm	0.8 (0–3.5)	0.9 (0–3.8)	4.0 (0–9.4)
	n	4	4	4
Self-improved by household	GM (95% CI) ppm	0.7 (0–1.7)	1.2 (0.3–2.1)	7.0 (5.8–8.2)
	n	21	23	17
Traditional	GM (95% CI) ppm	1.1 (0.7–1.5)	1.5 (1.1–1.9)	7.6 (7.1–8.1)
	n	98	102	81

Note:

^*Functionality level (FL) I refers to an OPTIMA-improved stove in good conditions, and FL-II refers to an OPTIMA-improved stove in need of repairs (e.g. re-plastering).

^†Geometric mean for all control stoves does not include gas stoves.

^‡NGO: three main NGOs had improved stoves; JUNTOS-National cash transfer program. Part of the requirements is that families must build an improved stove with a chimney; SEMBRANDO and ADIAR are NGOs that work in nearby communities.

^§GM refers to geometric mean.

Sample sizes represent the total number of subjects from whom CO measurements were taken. For mothers n=154 and 161, and for children, n=148 and 154 in control and intervention homes, respectively.