Figure 1. Vertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand from soil eDNA.

(a) Cladogram of all species and genera detected by 12 S rRNA metabarcoding of soil samples from Whenua Hou and from parrot aviaries in the Dunedin Botanic Garden. (b) Relative taxon abundances of sampled locations averaged across replicates (from left to right: kākāpō display sites, feeding stations, abandoned nests, and Nestor parrot aviaries). Two different sites per location were sampled (top and bottom) at three different distances, and two aviaries of the Nestor species kea and kākā. For feeding station 2 (4m), both replicates resulted in dropouts.