Table 4.
Receiver operating characteristic analysis results in the retrospective and prospective cohortsa.
| AUC | P value | SENS | SPEC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flail chest | |||||
| BMD only | R-C | 0.613 (0.582–0.643) | Ref | 0.705 (0.651–0.752) | 0.491 (0.468–0.515) |
| P-C | 0.648 (0.566–0.731) | 0.740 (0.30–0.860) | 0.529 (0.445–0.890) | ||
| BMD with age and sex | R-C | 0.640 (0.610–0.671) | <0.001 | 0.770 (0.606–0.818) | 0.466 (0.428–0.624) |
| P-C | 0.706 (0.628–0.785) | 0.001 | 0.700 (0.440–1.000) | 0.697 (0.377–0.897) | |
| Fracture(s) in ribs 1–3 | |||||
| BMD only | R-C | 0.580 (0.558–0.602) | Ref | 0.607 (0.578–0.634) | 0.532 (0.503–0.560) |
| P-C | 0.652 (0.584–0.720) | 0.326 (0.220–0.697) | 0.932 (0.562–1.00) | ||
| BMD with age and sex | R-C | 0.591 (0.567-0.616) | 0.025 | 0.600 (0.361–0.771) | 0.554 (0.376–0.799) |
| P-C | 0.645 (0.570–0.721) | 0.683 | 0.557 (0.306–0.693) | 0.753 (0.589–0.973) | |
| Fracture(s) in ribs 4–7 | |||||
| BMD only | R-C | 0.579 (0.548–0.609) | Ref | 0.559 (0.264–0.583) | 0.579 (0.529–0.942) |
| P-C | 0.749 (0.676–0.821) | 0.590 (0.516–0.660) | 0.882 (0.706–1.000) | ||
| BMD with age and sex | R-C | 0.598 (0.563–0.633) | 0.049 | 0.611 (0.414–0.798) | 0.553 (0.355–0.744) |
| P-C | 0.711 (0.613–0.809) | 0.350 | 0.553 (0.452–0.638) | 0.942 (0.824–1.000) | |
AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; SENS, sensitivity; SPEC, specificity; BMD, bone mineral density; R-C, retrospective cohort; P-C, prospective cohort; Ref, reference.
a
95% confidence intervals were obtained by setting the seed number to 123 and performing 1,000 bootstrap iterations.