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. 2023 Dec 12;11:1270826. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270826

Table 3.

Changes of dioptre of subjects with normal visual acuity before and after experiment.

Group Dioptre before experiment (D) Post-experimental dioptre (D) P # P & P P £ P §
Outdoor exercise group 1.56 ± 0.25 1.26 ± 0.28 0.000** 0.148 0.997 0.001**
Outdoor control group 1.51 ± 0.20 1.12 ± 0.14 0.000** 0.215 0.031*
Indoor exercise group 1.64 ± 0.24 1.23 ± 0.21 0.000** 0.001**
Indoor control group 1.52 ± 0.22 0.95 ± 0.24 0.000**

# means comparison of differences within the group, & means comparison with outdoor sports group, ∮means comparison with outdoor control group, £ means comparison with indoor sports group, § means comparison with indoor control group, *means p < 0.05, **means p < 0.01.