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Regulation of tumor PD-L1 by immune cells. Dendritic cell, macrophage, CD8 T cell, γδT cell, CD4 T cell and CAF regulate the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells. Macrophages have significant effect on the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, mainly involving IL-1β, IL10 and other cytokines on the NF-κB pathway in tumor cells.
