Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and developmental outcomes among infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
| Total (n = 6994) | HIE without TH (n = 6524) | HIE with TH (n = 470) | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | |||||
| < 1 month | 81 (1.2%) | 54 (0.8%) | 27 (5.7%) | 7.30 (4.56/11.71) | < 0.0001 |
| 1–12 month | 119 (1.7%) | 84 (1.2%) | 35 (7.4%) | 6.17 (4.11/9.26) | < 0.0001 |
| ≥ 1 year | 121 (1.7%) | 73 (1.1%) | 48 (10.2%) | 10.05 (6.89/14.66) | < 0.0001 |
| Total | 321 (4.6%) | 211 (3.2%) | 110 (23.4%) | 9.14 (7.09/11.78) | < 0.0001 |
| iNO therapy | 61 (0.9%) | 39 (0.6%) | 22 (4.7%) | 8.17 (4.80/13.89) | < 0.0001 |
| Invasive ventilator | 486 (6.9%) | 399 (6.1%) | 87 (18.5%) | 33.13 (22.80/48.13) | < 0.0001 |
| Anti-epileptic drug | |||||
| Total | 1377 (19.7%) | 1077 (16.5%) | 300 (63.8%) | 8.93 (7.31/10.89) | < 0.0001 |
| First prescription | 287 (4.1%) | 218 (3.3%) | 69 (14.7%) | 4.98 (3.73/6.65) | < 0.0001 |
| Delayed development | 823 (11.8%) | 726 (11.1%) | 97 (20.6%) | 2.08 (1.64/2.63) | < 0.0001 |
| Cerebral palsy | 526 (7.5%) | 453 (8.3%) | 73 (15.5%) | 2.47 (1.89/3.22) | < 0.0001 |
| Autism spectrum disorders | 96 (1.4%) | 89 (1.4%) | 7 (1.5%) | 1.09 (0.50/2.37) | 0.8218 |
| SNHL | 212 (3%) | 186 (2.8%) | 26 (5.5%) | 2.03 (1.33/3.10) | 0.0010 |
| Blindness | 7 (0.1%) | 6 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1.02 (0.80/1.32) | 0.4816 |
| ADHD | 84 (1.2%) | 80 (1.2%) | 4 (0.9%) | 0.69 (0.25/1.89) | 0.4733 |
| Seizure | 1785 (25.5%) | 1538 (23.6%) | 247 (52.6%) | 3.59 (2.97/4.34) | < 0.0001 |
| CP or delayed development or SNHL or Blindness | 1122 (16%) | 981 (15%) | 141 (30%) | 2.42 (1.97/2.98) | < 0.0001 |
| CP or delayed development or SNHL or blindness or mortality | 1351 (19.3%) | 1122 (17.2%) | 229 (48.7%) | 4.58 (4.78/5.54) | < 0.0001 |
HIE hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, TH therapeutic hypothermia, iNO inhaled nitric oxide, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SNHL sensorineural hearing loss, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, CP cerebral palsy.