Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Variables | Category | Full Sample N (%) |
Mean (SD) or N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | – | 259 (100.0) | 49.2 (16.5) |
| Sex | Male/female | 259 (100.0) | 196 (75.7)/63 (24.3) |
| Religion | Yes/no | 239 (92.3) | 138 (53.3)/101 (39.0) |
| Caregiver | Family/paid caregiver | 256 (98.8) | 152 (58.7)/104 (40.2) |
| Marital status | Married/unmarried | 236 (91.1) | 144 (55.6)/92 (35.5) |
| Employment status | Yes/no | 235 (90.7) | 85 (32.8)/150 (57.9) |
| Time duration from the injury (days) | – | 251 (96.9) | 716.7 (1867.8) |
| AIS | A/B, C, D | 254 (98.1) | 80 (31.9)/171 (68.1) |
| Level of injury | Tetraplegia/paraplegia | 252 (97.3) | 140 (55.1)/114 (44.0) |
| Etiology | Traumatic/non-traumatic | 259 (100.0) | 177 (70.2)/75 (29.8) |
| Spasticity | Yes/no | 259 (100.0) | 79 (30.5)/180 (69.5) |
| Pain | Yes/no | 259 (100.0) | 180 (69.5)/79 (30.5) |
| UEMS | – | 259 (100.0) | 35.9 (15.7) |
| LEMS | – | 259 (100.0) | 16.4 (16.5) |
| Total MMT | – | 259 (100.0) | 52.5 (24.5) |
| WISCI II level | – | 259 (100.0) | 8.9 (6.9) |
| Depression (K-BDI-II) | – | 240 (96.9) | 15.0 (10.9) |
| Anxiety (K-BAI) | – | 176 (68.0) | 8.6 (9.0) |
| Sleep Quality (ISI) | – | 211 (81.5) | 4.8 (4.9) |
| Suicidal risk (MINI) | – | 217 (83.8) | 1.9 (3.2) |
Unmarried (unmarried, divorce, bereavement, or estrangement); Religion (Christian, Catholic, Buddhist).
AIS, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; K-BAI, Korean Beck Anxiety Index; K-BDI-II, Korean Beck Depression Inventory II; LEMS, Lower extremity motor sub-scores; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MMT, Manual Muscle Test; N, number; SD, standard deviation; UEMS, upper extremity motor sub-scores; WISCI II, Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II.