Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study populations.
| Characteristics | SBP < 100 mmHg (n = 47) |
SBP ≥ 100 mmHg (n = 70) |
P-value |
| Data are presented as means ± SD or n (%). *Presented as median (interquartile range). NYHA: the New York Heart Association; SBP: systolic blood pressure. | |||
| Age, yrs | 45.3 ± 14.5 | 50.2 ± 15.4 | 0.084 |
| Male | 26 (55.3%) | 55 (78.6%) | 0.008 |
| Heart failure etiology | |||
| Ischaemic | 8 (17.0%) | 16 (22.9%) | 0.443 |
| Non-ischaemic | 39 (83.0%) | 54 (77.1%) | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 24 (51.1%) | 30 (42.9%) | |
| Peripartum cardiomyopathy | 6 (12.8%) | 3 (4.3%) | |
| Others | 9 (19.1%) | 21 (30.0%) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 90.6 ± 5.1 | 121.6 ± 15.9 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 59.9 ± 7.3 | 75.5 ± 13.5 | < 0.001 |
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 1452.0 (600.6–3172.0)* | 1690.0 (384.2–3582.5)* | 0.917 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 79.5 ± 19.3 | 95.1 ± 24.5 | 0.003 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 90.7 ± 21.5 | 84.1 ± 26.9 | 0.243 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 0.139 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (17.0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 0.019 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (6.4%) | 16 (22.9%) | 0.035 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (10.6%) | 9 (12.9%) | 0.717 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2 (4.3%) | 6 (8.6%) | 0.472 |
| Treatments | |||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/Angiotensin II receptor blocker |
7 (14.9%) | 27 (38.6%) | 0.006 |
| Beta-blockers | 46 (97.9%) | 69 (98.6%) | 0.775 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 45 (95.7%) | 66 (94.3%) | 0.726 |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 15 (31.9%) | 20 (29.0%) | 0.699 |
| Diuretics | 29 (61.7%) | 42 (60.0%) | 0.853 |
| Digoxin | 15 (31.9%) | 10 (14.3%) | 0.023 |
| Ivabradine | 13 (27.7%) | 19 (27.1%) | 0.951 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.457 | ||
| II | 25 (53.2%) | 30 (42.9%) | |
| III | 17 (36.2%) | 28 (40.0%) | |
| IV | 5 (10.6%) | 12 (17.1%) | |
| Echocardiography | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 26.0 (21.0–37.0)* | 29.5 (20.8–35.0)* | 0.747 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, mm | 63.6 ± 11.0 | 64.9 ± 8.4 | 0.523 |
| Left atrium diameter, mm | 42.0 (39.0–50.0)* | 45.5 (41.0–51.0)* | 0.093 |