Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of M0 squamous cell penile carcinoma.

	Univariate Analysis				Multivariate Analysis
	OS		CSS		OS		CSS
	HR	P	HR	P	HR	P	HR	P
Age, years
<50	Reference		Reference		–
50-59	1.063	0.717	0.905	0.651	1.124	0.495
60-69	1.465	0.012	0.973	0.893	1.465	0.013
≥70	3.059	<0.001	1.300	0.161	3.172	<0.001
Race
Black	Reference		Reference		–		–
Others	0.688	0.078	0.548	0.081
White	0.853	0.232	0.746	0.144
Primary Site
Body	Reference		Reference				–
Glans	0.867	0.413	0.914	0.737			1.353	0.295
Prepuce	0.715	0.089	0.502	0.036			1.235	0.549
Overlapping lesion	0.806	0.373	0.934	0.853			1.315	0.285
Penis, NOS	0.882	0.570	0.851	0.548			1.355	0.285
T
T1	Reference		Reference		–		–
Ta	0.955	0.927	1.449	0.604	0.964	0.941	1.849	0.393
T2	1.380	<0.001	1.776	<0.001	1.050	0.636	1.014	0.935
T3	1.519	<0.001	2.549	<0.001	1.069	0.589	1.130	0.513
T4	2.304	0.002	4.348	<0.001	1.344	0.302	1.547	0.263
N
N0	Reference		Reference		–		–
N1	1.612	0.002	2.820	<0.001	1.602	0.003	2.575	<0.001
N2	2.139	<0.001	4.438	<0.001	2.100	<0.001	3.409	<0.001
N3	2.633	<0.001	5.907	<0.001	2.755	<0.001	4.344	<0.001
Tumor size, cm
<3	Reference		Reference		–		–
3-5	1.346	<0.001	1.670	<0.001	1.189	0.060	1.349	0.045
>5	1.565	<0.001	2.536	<0.001	1.330	0.020	1.757	0.002
Surgery
Local excision	Reference		Reference		–		–
Local tumor	0.700	<0.001	0.450	<0.001	0.936	0.550	0.665	0.044
None	1.449	0.106	1.741	0.089	0.963	0.879	0.934	0.846
Others	1.316	0.131	1.718	0.034	1.289	0.181	1.313	0.313
Total excision	1.133	0.311	1.433	0.039	0.988	0.925	1.048	0.801
Chemotherapy
No	Reference		Reference		–		–
Yes	1.486	0.001	2.858	<0.001	0.997	0.984	1.015	0.939
Radiotherapy
No	Reference		Reference		–		–
Yes	1.665	<0.001	2.814	<0.001	1.133	0.389	1.436	0.059
Marital Status
Divorced	Reference		Reference		–
Married	0.786	0.050	0.843	0.373	0.799	0.071
Single	0.870	0.333	1.012	0.957	1.039	0.797
Widowed	1.645	0.001	0.893	0.693	1.226	0.208
Residential Area
Contiguous nonmetropolitan	Reference		Reference				–
Large metropolitan	0.816	0.123	0.619	0.012			0.634	0.052
Middle metropolitan	0.861	0.304	0.611	0.023			0.623	0.056
Remote nonmetropolitan	1.210	0.266	1.068	0.789			1.059	0.818
Small metropolitan	0.731	0.087	0.439	0.006			0.420	0.006
Median Household Income
$50,000–69,999	Reference		Reference				–
< $50,000	1.051	0.617	1.352	0.045			0.995	0.981
≥$70,000	0.837	0.059	0.954	0.757			0.953	0.764