Table 3.
Effects of FOP disclosures on accuracy of assessing drink ingredients and product attitudes
| Novel drink experiment (E1) | Existing drink experiment (E2) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (claims only) (a) | Claims and disclosure (b) | Disclosure only (c) | Control (no disclosure) (a) | Claims and disclosure (b) | ||||||||||
| Sample size | 213 | 219 | 216 | 327 | 321 | |||||||||
| Accuracy† | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | P-value | Accurate | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | P-value | Accurate |
| Added sugar | ||||||||||||||
| Fruit drink | 86·9 | 82, 91 | 87·2 | 82, 91 | 88·0 | 83, 92 | 0·940 | Yes | 78·9 | 74, 83 | 87·9 | 84, 91 | 0·002 * | Yes |
| Flavoured water | 76·5 | 70, 82 | 84·0 | 79, 88 | 86·6 | 81, 91 | 0·018 | Yes | 75·5 | 71, 80 | 85·7 | 81, 89 | 0·001 * | Yes |
| 100 % juice | 56·8 | 50, 63 | 70·8 | 64, 76 | 75·0 | 69, 80 | <0·001 * | No | 70·6 | 65, 75 | 80·1 | 75, 84 | 0·005 * | No |
| Juice/water blend | 36·6 | 30, 43 | 62·6 | 56, 69 | 69·4 | 63, 75 | <0·001 * | No | 65·7 | 60, 71 | 77·3 | 72, 82 | 0·001 * | No |
| NNS | ||||||||||||||
| Fruit drink | 47·9 | 41, 55 | 72·1 | 66, 78 | 72·7 | 66, 78 | <0·001 * | Yes | 65·1 | 60, 70 | 78·8 | 74, 83 | <0·001 * | No |
| Flavoured water | 44·1 | 38, 51 | 72·1 | 66, 78 | 76·9 | 71, 82 | <0·001 * | Yes | 45·3 | 40, 51 | 75·7 | 71, 80 | <0·001 * | Yes |
| 100 % juice | 70·4 | 64, 76 | 78·5 | 73, 83 | 86·1 | 81, 90 | <0·001 * | No | 72·5 | 67, 77 | 81·3 | 77, 85 | 0·008 * | No |
| Juice/water blend | 60·6 | 54, 67 | 74·0 | 68, 79 | 79·6 | 74, 84 | 0·005 * | No | 69·4 | 64, 74 | 77·9 | 73, 82 | 0·015 * | No |
| Percent juice | ||||||||||||||
| Fruit drink | 49·8 | 43, 56 | 63·5 | 57, 70 | 66·7 | 60, 73 | 0·001 * | 0–20 % | 53·8 | 48, 59 | 67·6 | 62, 72 | <0·001 * | 0–20 % |
| Flavoured water | 53·5 | 47, 60 | 64·4 | 58, 70 | 67·1 | 61, 73 | 0·009 * | 0–20 % | 56·9 | 51, 62 | 67·3 | 62, 72 | 0·006 * | 0–20 % |
| 100 % juice | 62·4 | 56, 76 | 67·1 | 61, 73 | 70·4 | 64, 76 | 0·216 | 90–100 % | 71·6 | 66, 76 | 74·1 | 69, 79 | 0·460 | 90–100 % |
| Juice/water blend | 42·7 | 36, 49 | 57·1 | 50, 63 | 63·0 | 56, 69 | <0·001 * | 25–40 % | 59·0 | 54, 64 | 75·4 | 70, 80 | <0·001 * | 45–60 % |
FOP, front-of-package; NNS, non-nutritive sweetener.
*
Significant after Bonferroni–Holm correction (P = 0·05 adjusted for fourteen comparisons).
†
Accuracy assessed as follows: proportion of participants who selected the accurate response. Significant differences between conditions assessed using Kruskal–Wallis (E1) and chi-square (E2).
‡
Differences between conditions in product attitudes assessed using multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) (E1) and t tests (E2).