Table 2.
Average energy intake, NRF8.3, GHGE and cost of food and drink consumption per day
| Socio-demographic categories characteristics | Total energy consumption per day | Total NRF8.3 | Total GHGE (gCO2e) | Total cost (GBP) | Total number of food items scoring ‘three’† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| Overall | 2216 | 962·9 | 6341·4 | 2724·4 | 5428·4 | 2648·0 | 8·55 | 5·8 | 1·3 | 0·8 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 2735·3 | 977·9** | 7638·1 | 2780·3*** | 6579·2 | 2825·7*** | 10·1 | 6·3*** | 1·3 | 0·8 |
| Female | 1894·4 | 799·1*** | 5534·6 | 2353·8*** | 4712·4 | 2253·3*** | 7·5 | 5·2*** | 1·3 | 0·8 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White | 2227·0 | 970·2 | 6360·9 | 2730·6 | 5427. | 2629·5 | 8·7 | 5·8*** | 1·3 | 0·8 |
| Non-white | 2138 | 909·8 | 6167·3 | 2696·8 | 5458·7 | 2817·3 | 6·6 | 4·6*** | 1·2 | 0·7 |
| BMI | ||||||||||
| <18·5 | 2308 | 1093·0 | 5886·0 | 3193·6 | 5216·3 | 2545·4** | 8·2 | 5·1 | 0·9 | 0·3* |
| 18·6–24·9 | 2106·8 | 924·0 | 6052·1 | 2575·2 | 5092·5 | 2571·3** | 8·1 | 5·3 | 1·4 | 0·9* |
| 25·0–30·0 | 2290·5 | 981·4 | 6603·0 | 2799·1 | 5669·8 | 2602·3** | 8·9 | 6·0 | 1·3 | 0·8* |
| 30·1–39·9 | 2280·9 | 956·9 | 6516·9 | 2591·8 | 5634·1 | 2741·5** | 8·9 | 6·2 | 1·3 | 0·8* |
| >40 | 2107·95 | 1030·9 | 5750·3 | 2835·7 | 5472·0 | 3217·1** | 8·0 | 5·5 | 1·1 | 0·63* |
| IMD | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2196 | 981·2 | 6096·4 | 2692·4 | 5272·6 | 2605·7 | 7·56 | 5·3*** | 1·2 | 0·7** |
| 2 | 2235·6 | 931·4 | 6413·8 | 2735·0 | 5500·6 | 2725·0 | 7·97 | 5·2*** | 1·2 | 0·7** |
| 3 | 2341·9 | 1043·4 | 6764·5 | 3120·2 | 5757·6 | 2989·3 | 9·04 | 6·2*** | 1·4 | 0·9** |
| 4 | 2164·0 | 921·7 | 6231·2 | 2464·5 | 5285·0 | 2360·6 | 9·0 | 6·0*** | 1·4 | 1·0** |
| 5 | 2157·5 | 937·8 | 6235·9 | 2576·8 | 5350·6 | 2533·5 | 9·2 | 5·9*** | 1·3 | 0·8** |
The statistical significance was defined as:
0·01.
Those items with the highest score (i.e. 3) represented the food items with the highest nutritional quality and lowest GHGE and price/100 kcal.
0·001.
<0·001.
Data represent the mean (sd).
Data of eighty-six participants were removed since the average energy consumption/d was lower than 500 kcal or higher than 5000 kcal.
The total analysis sample consisted of 1374 participants.
Total NRF8.3, GHGE and cost values are based on total daily energy consumption.
IMD – Index of Multiple Deprivation is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in the UK, 1 being the most and 5 being the least deprived.
IMD was standardised across countries of the UK; BMI was estimated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2), and it was categorised as underweight (<18·5 kg/m2), normal weight (18·5–24·9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29·9 kg/m2), obesity (30·0–39·9 kg/m2) and severe obesity (≥40 kg/m2).
Sex and ethnicity significance were evaluated with a t-test, and the rest of the variables was analysed with one-way ANOVA within demographic categories.